蒂亚戈·诺加拉|特朗普的批评，掩盖不了马查多获诺贝尔和平奖的实质

【文/观察者网专栏作者蒂亚戈·诺加拉（Tiago Nogara）]

委内瑞拉极右翼主要领袖玛丽亚·科里纳·马查多（María Corina Machado）近日摘得2025年诺贝尔和平奖。据颁奖委员会的声明，此奖项旨在表彰她“为促进委内瑞拉人民民主权利不懈努力，为实现从独裁到民主的公正和平过渡持续斗争”【1】。

2025年诺奖委员会将和平奖授予委内瑞拉极右翼领袖玛丽亚·科里纳·马查多

这番评价与国际资本控制的主流媒体近来铺天盖地的宣传口径高度吻合——他们将马查多塑造成遭马杜罗政府“威权迫害”却仍无私捍卫民主的象征。

然而其真实政治轨迹与这般包装大相径庭，此次获奖本身正好可以看作观察当今世界政治意识形态气候的典型样本。

2005年马查多与乔治·布什会晤

去年，当西方媒体铺天盖地炒作“允许马查多参选”时，阿根廷政治学家阿蒂略·博龙曾精准梳理了其政治轨迹【2】。在2002年那场推翻并绑架查韦斯总统的可耻政变中，时任非政府组织“团结”领导人的马查多签署了臭名昭著的“卡莫纳法令”——这份由自封总统的商人佩德罗·卡莫纳颁布的文件，悍然解散了委内瑞拉所有民主机构。

2005年，她不仅因签署政变文件，更因被证实收受美国国会资助的“国家民主基金会”5.3万美元资金，被判28年监禁。同年她受邀进入白宫椭圆形办公室与布什密谈，据披露正是为在美洲峰会前寻求美国支持推翻查韦斯宪政政府——当时白宫正力推美洲自由贸易区计划。博龙犀利指出：马查多最终获得查韦斯特赦，但“在其他任何国家，她绝无可能像在委内瑞拉这样持续从事政治活动至今”【3】。特赦并未阻止她继续从事阴谋活动与反民主勾当。

当2014年及2017年爆发类似颜色革命的暴力抗议时，马查多迅速接受巴拿马政府委任的美洲国家组织OAS“候补大使”职务，借此在常任理事会要求外国军事干预推翻马杜罗政府。在瓜伊多自立“临时政府”期间，她更参与了导致委内瑞拉国家资产被帝国主义势力掠夺的阴谋。正是这些行径导致其于2015年被判处15年，不得担任公职。

然而在2024年大选中，她仍通过其代理人——退休外交官埃德蒙多·冈萨雷斯持续操控选战。正如委内瑞拉的史蒂夫·埃尔纳教授所述【4】，前十场大型造势活动中埃德蒙多仅出席一场，马查多实际仍是竞选核心。所谓“替代候选人”不过是为规避资格禁令、维持其政治影响力的障眼法。

委内瑞拉的街头抗议活动（guarimbas）遵循了由帝国主义利益赞助的颜色革命的著名剧本，其特点是广泛的暴力和呼吁国际干预。

马查多的政治纲领一贯是对经济自由主义毫不妥协的捍卫，她公开宣称打算启动大规模私有化进程——包括委内瑞拉国家石油公司（PDVSA）以及查韦斯政府时期国有化的全部企业。她的父亲恩里克·马查多·祖洛亚加（Enrique Machado Zuloaga）曾是冶金行业的大企业家，并担任委内瑞拉钢铁公司（SIVENSA）的总裁，该公司旗下子公司图尔比奥钢铁公司（SIDETUR）于2010年被征用。毫不意外，马查多始终主张推翻乌戈·查韦斯和尼古拉斯·马杜罗执政期间进行的所有征用。

诺贝尔奖结果公布后，媒体报道大量聚焦于所谓的唐纳德·特朗普及白宫的不满情绪，鉴于特朗普曾公开为自已赢得该奖进行造势——就在上个月他还声称，如果诺贝尔和平奖不授予他，“那将对美国是巨大的侮辱”。【5】 然而，这种特定方面的不满丝毫掩盖不了委内瑞拉极右翼利益与美国帝国主义利益之间的清晰一致性。毕竟，马查多是由一群美国共和党参议员和众议员提名该奖项的，其中还包括特朗普的国务卿马可·鲁比奥（Marco Rubio）和现任美国驻联合国大使迈克尔·沃尔兹（Michael Waltz）。

她的国际政治观与华盛顿的鹰派人物完美契合，并且她毫不掩饰自己对拉丁美洲左翼运动或对致力于构建多极化世界秩序的独立国家的极端厌恶。

在2022年3月X平台的一篇帖子中，马查多宣称“马杜罗如今是俄罗斯、中国和伊朗的棋子”，【6】在近期更是宣称“一旦我们铲除了马杜罗政权，我们将解放古巴和尼加拉瓜”。【7】

今年二月，马查多参加了在马德里举行的“欧洲爱国者”集团会议，该会议以“让欧洲再次伟大”为口号，聚集了欧洲极右翼势力，她毫不避讳地出现在一个呼应“收复失地运动”（Reconquista，从极右视角呼吁欧洲人自己“夺回”欧洲）这一极端反动口号的环境中。【8】

马查多同样是以色列极右翼的知名同情者：早在2018年，她甚至请求以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡对尼古拉斯·马杜罗政府进行军事干预，并在此场合承诺：“我保证有一天我们将建立起委内瑞拉和以色列之间的紧密关系，我相信并可以宣布，我们的政府将把我国大使馆迁往耶路撒冷……这将是我们支持以色列国的一部分。”【9】

玛丽亚·科丽娜·马查多和委内瑞拉极右翼公开主张对他们的国家实施美国制裁，甚至军事干预。

因此，将诺贝尔和平奖授予当今世界最反动、最暴力势力的公开拥护者，实在极具讽刺意味。这些人捍卫的帝国主义政策在全球煽动战争、制裁与冲突，他们推崇的超自由主义经济议程则剥夺多数人获取财富的权利，将其集中于资助这类意识形态传播的少数富豪手中。更有甚者，马查多不仅是极右翼暴力议程的鼓吹者，更是拉丁美洲反动精英对华盛顿利益卑躬屈膝的典型代表——她竟公开支持针对本国人民的屈辱性制裁乃至军事干预。

将诺贝尔和平奖授予这样一位声名狼藉的反动分子，分明是"换汤不换药"的又一例证。帝国的忠实仆从跻身虚伪的神坛早已不是新鲜事——曾参与美方在越南、柬埔寨屠杀暴行，并染指拉美军事独裁的基辛格，最终也获此殊荣；而奥巴马凭借谦和姿态与温和言辞，上任未满一年便获颁奖项，随后却支持北约对利比亚的军事干预，使这个曾居非洲人类发展指数榜首的国家陷入崩溃，沦为通往欧洲的人口贩运通道，最终导致该国领导人卡扎菲被折磨身亡。

特朗普及其追随者上演的闹剧——指责诺贝尔委员会“将政治置于和平之上”【10】——掩盖不了马查多获奖最明显的实质：全球资本主义精英阶层对极右翼和新法西斯主义日益增长的青睐。

今年诺贝尔和平奖（或许该称其为“战争奖”？）的评选确实让政治利益凌驾于和平之上，但这绝非违背美帝国主义的意愿。古谚有云要警惕“披着羊皮的狼”，但马查多根本不屑伪装——这匹狼向来明目张胆地展示其真实面目：既标榜着对新法西斯主义的支持，又彰显着对华盛顿的卑躬屈膝。（翻页查看英文版）

The Nobel “Peace” Prize Rewards María Corina Machado’s Subservience to Imperialist Interests

María Corina Machado, the main leader of Venezuela’s far right, has just been awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize. According to the committee that granted her the prize, the award recognizes her “for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela, and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.”【1】 This description fits neatly within the narrative that has been widely spread in recent times by the major outlets of the international capitalist press, which portray Machado as a selfless defender of democracy and of the Venezuelan people, unjustly persecuted by the supposed authoritarian excesses of Nicolás Maduro’s government. However, her trajectory diverges sharply from such characterizations, and her selection as the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize laureate says much about the current political and ideological climate of the world in this historical juncture.

Last year, amid the flurry of headlines calling for permission for Machado to run as the opposition’s candidate in Venezuela’s presidential elections, Argentine political scientist Atilio Boron offered an excellent recap of her political path.【2】 During the shameful coup d’état that overthrew and kidnapped President Hugo Chávez in 2002, Machado—then one of the leaders of the NGO Súmate—signed the infamous “Carmona Decree,” issued by businessman Pedro Carmona Estanga, who proclaimed himself president after Chávez’s arrest and dissolved all of the country’s democratic institutions. In 2005, she was tried and sentenced to 28 years in prison, not only for signing the “Carmona Decree” but also for the proven receipt of a $53,000 subsidy from the National Endowment for Democracy, funded by the U.S. Congress. That same year, she was received by U.S. President George Bush for a private conversation in the Oval Office, reportedly to discuss seeking U.S. support for the overthrow of President Hugo Chávez’s constitutional government ahead of that year’s crucial Summit of the Americas, where the White House hoped to advance the FTAA. As Boron aptly noted, Machado was eventually pardoned by then-President Hugo Chávez and, contrary to the current narrative, “in no other country could Machado have continued to do politics as she has done in Venezuela to this very day.”【3】 After all, the pardon did nothing to stop her conspiratorial and anti-democratic activities.

When the brutal “guarimbas” erupted—first in 2014 and again in 2017, reminiscent of the violent protest movements typical of CIA-made color revolutions—Machado conveniently accepted the post of “alternate ambassador” of Panama’s government to the OAS, where she asked the Permanent Council to organize a foreign military intervention to overthrow Nicolás Maduro’s government. During the establishment of Juan Guaidó’s self-proclaimed and illegitimate “parallel government,” Machado was likewise complicit in the schemes that resulted in the theft of Venezuela’s public assets by imperial powers. It was in this context that she was disqualified for 15 years from holding public office in 2015. Nevertheless, she remained active, leading a number of campaign activities for her puppet in the 2024 presidential race, retired diplomat Edmundo González. As professor Steve Ellner observed,【4】 Edmundo attended only one of the first ten major opposition rallies ahead of that election—clearly demonstrating Machado’s leadership and prominence in them. His “substitute” candidacy was nothing more than a way to bypass Machado’s disqualification and keep her at the center of attention.

Machado’s political platform has always been the uncompromising defense of economic liberalism, openly declaring her intention to launch a massive privatization process—including PDVSA and the entire set of companies nationalized by Chávez’s governments. Her father, Enrique Machado Zuloaga, was a major businessman in the metallurgical sector and president of Siderúrgica Venezolana S.A. (SIVENSA), one of whose subsidiaries, Siderúrgica del Turbio (SIDETUR), was expropriated in 2010. Unsurprisingly, Machado has consistently championed the reversal of all expropriations carried out under Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro.

Following the announcement of the Nobel result, media coverage focused heavily on the alleged discontent of Donald Trump and the White House, given that Trump had openly campaigned to win the prize himself—stating just last month that “it would be a great insult” to the United States if the Nobel Peace Prize were not awarded to him.【5】 However, such sectoral discontent in no way conceals the clear alignment between the interests of the Venezuelan far right and those of U.S. imperialism. After all, Machado was nominated for the prize by a group of Republican senators and congressmen, among them none other than Marco Rubio, Trump’s Secretary of State, and Michael Waltz, the current U.S. ambassador to the UN. Her vision of international politics aligns perfectly with that of Washington’s hawks, and she makes no effort to conceal her extreme aversion to Latin American leftist movements or to sovereign nations striving to build a multipolar world order.

In a March 2022 post on X, Machado declared that “Maduro is now a pawn of Russia, China, and Iran,”【6】 and more recently proclaimed that “once we remove Maduro’s regime, we’re going to liberate Cuba and Nicaragua.”【7】In February, she joined the meeting of the “Patriots for Europe” group, which brought together the European far right in Madrid under the slogan “Make Europe Great Again,” shamelessly parading in an environment echoing the ultra-reactionary slogan of the “Reconquista” (invoking, from a far-right perspective, the “retaking” of Europe by Europeans themselves).【8】 She is also a known sympathizer of Israel’s far right: in 2018, she even asked Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for military intervention against Nicolás Maduro’s government, promising on that occasion, “I promise that one day we will have a close relationship between Venezuela and Israel, and I believe and can announce that our government will move our embassy to Jerusalem… that will be part of our support for the State of Israel.”【9】

It is therefore deeply ironic that the Nobel Peace Prize should be awarded to an open defender of what is most reactionary and violent in today’s world: the imperialist policies that fuel wars, sanctions, and conflicts across the globe, and the ultra-liberal economic agenda that deprives the majority of access to wealth, concentrating it in the hands of a small group of multimillionaires who sponsor the dissemination of such ideology. Moreover, Machado is not merely an advocate of the far right’s violent agenda but stands as one of the clearest embodiments of the servility and submission of Latin America’s reactionary elites to Washington’s interests, openly supporting humiliating sanctions and even military interventions against her own people.

It is clear that the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to such a notorious reactionary can be seen as yet another case of “old wine in a new bottle.” It is hardly new that the empire’s faithful servants find their place on the altar of hypocrisy. Being complicit in the American bloodbaths and massacres in Vietnam, Cambodia, and across the military dictatorships of Latin America did not prevent Henry Kissinger from receiving the same honor. And the smiles and soft tone of Barack Obama were enough for the committee to grant him the award in his very first year in office—shortly before he backed NATO’s arbitrary military intervention in Libya, which transformed what had been Africa’s highest-ranking country on the Human Development Index into a failed state and a human trafficking route to Europe, culminating in the ruthless assassination of its historical leader, Muammar Gaddafi.

The theatrics of Trump and his acolytes—claiming that the Nobel Committee places “politics over peace”【10】—do not conceal the most evident aspect of María Corina Machado’s award: the growing sympathy among large segments of the global capitalist elite for the far right and neo-fascism. Political interests indeed prevailed over those of peace in the awarding of this year’s Nobel Peace Prize (or should we say, the Nobel of War?), but certainly not against the will of U.S. imperialism. There’s an old saying warning us to beware of “wolves in sheep’s clothing.” In the case of María Corina Machado, there is no such disguise, for this wolf has never been ashamed to show her true skin in broad daylight—marked unmistakably by her support for neo-fascism and her humiliating servility to Washington.

【1】 The Nobel Prize. “Announcement, Nobel Peace Prize 2025.” The Nobel Prize, October 10, 2025. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2025/press-release/

【2】 Atilio Borón. “María Corina Machado and the Betrayal of Venezuela.” Orinoco Tribune, February 13, 2024. https://orinocotribune.com/maria-corina-machado-and-the-betrayal-of-venezuela/

【3】 Atilio Borón. “María Corina Machado and the Betrayal of Venezuela.” Orinoco Tribune, February 13, 2024. https://orinocotribune.com/maria-corina-machado-and-the-betrayal-of-venezuela/

【4】Steve Ellner. “María Corina Machado: What the Mainstream Media Isn’t Saying About Her.” Venezuelanalysis, July 8, 2024. https://venezuelanalysis.com/opinion/maria-corina-machado-what-the-mainstream-media-isnt-saying-about-her/

【5】O Globo. “Trump não ganha Nobel da Paz e Casa Branca reage: ‘Nunca haverá ninguém como ele’; entenda escolha do Comitê.” O Globo, October 10, 2025. https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2025/10/10/trump-e-ignorado-pelo-nobel-da-paz-de-2025-apesar-de-acordo-de-cessar-fogo-em-gaza.ghtml

【6】María Corina Machado. “Maduro es hoy un peón de Rusia, China e Irán.” X (Twitter), March 7, 2022. https://x.com/mariacorinaya/status/1500514790602596352

【7】El Nacional. “María Corina Machado: ‘Una vez que saquemos al régimen de Maduro, vamos a liberar a Cuba y Nicaragua.’” El Nacional, June 13, 2025. https://www.elnacional.com/2025/06/maria-corina-machado-una-vez-que-saquemos-al-regimen-de-maduro-vamos-a-liberar-a-cuba-y-nicaragua/?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=social&fbclid=IwY2xjawNV8KRleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFzbGxaRmRHZ2F4d2lWMzFSAR7CxAjWeT80_OUD9eJliC29-3R6PLLWqLkPBEW3GnK0-G-vDhKvzQxM6cG5cA_aem_VFke1_aNIn-ZeD4LmuP4cg

【8】Reuters. “Orban, Le Pen Hail Trump at Far-Right ‘Patriots’ Summit in Madrid.” Reuters, February 8, 2025. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/orban-le-pen-hail-trump-far-right-patriots-summit-madrid-2025-02-08/

【9】Fuser News. “María Corina Machado prometió a Israel en 2020 trasladar embajada de Venezuela a Jerusalén.” Fuser News, June 3, 2024. https://fusernews.com/maria-corina-machado-prometio-a-israel-en-2020-trasladar-embajada-de-venezuela-a-jerusalen/

【10】Reuters. “White House Says Nobel Committee Puts ‘Politics over Peace.’” Reuters, October 10, 2025. https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/white-house-says-nobel-committee-places-politics-over-peace-2025-10-10/

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