傅莹：亚洲国家珍惜和坚守和平与发展的大好局面

2025年9月9日，第二届金融评论亚洲峰会（Financial Review Asia Summit）在澳大利亚悉尼举行。会议由《澳大利亚金融评论》（AFR）和澳大利亚亚洲协会（Asia Society Australia）联合举办，邀请亚洲和澳大利亚政商两界知名人士出席，探讨亚洲面临的发展机遇，评估地缘政治变动带来的商业风险。中国前驻英国、澳大利亚大使傅莹应邀参会发表演讲，并与AFR北亚记者杰西卡·西娅（Jessica Sier）进行对话。

傅莹在演讲中说，亚洲国家经济增长始于20世纪70年代，先形成现代化起飞的“雁阵模式”，中国加入进来后带来更大推动力，现在开始领跑亚洲现代化，也带动更多国家努力追赶，使得亚洲日益成为世界经济、科技发展的重心和前沿。目前中国对亚洲经济增长的贡献率超过50%，对亚太的贡献率超过60%，对世界则保持在30%左右。从全球角度看，中国已是120多国最大贸易伙伴，辐射力从亚洲出发，主要经由“一带一路”、《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定 》（RCEP）、中国—东盟自贸区等通达世界。中国崛起的红利和所提供的经济公共产品让亚洲乃至世界获益，正从大宗资源和产品采购、货物服务贸易和投资、援助、货币稳定工具，升级到产业链的深度融合，以及电动汽车、新能源电池、光伏等“新三样”和人工智能技术创造的新生产、新生活。

在介绍中国的周边政策时，傅莹说，维护亚洲的和平与安宁，同周边国家发展友好合作关系，是中国实现自身安全、发展和繁荣的基础性条件，在中国外交全局中居于首要。今年4月在北京举行的中央周边工作会议对周边的评估是，我们同周边关系处于近代以来最好时期，同时也注意到周边形势和世界变局的联动关系。习近平主席重申周边工作聚焦构建周边命运共同体。会议强调要以高质量共建“一带一路”为主要平台，以安危与共、求同存异、对话协商的亚洲安全模式为战略支撑。中国主张遵循和平、合作、开放、包容的亚洲价值观，为亚洲命运共同体建设提供了重要的理念遵循和价值引领。

傅莹说，冷战后，亚洲整体上看是进入了一个长和平与广泛增长的阶段，这也是包括中国在内的亚洲国家得以充分利用经济全球化带来的发展机遇的重要原因，我们要守住这个大好形势。中国政府提出的“全球安全倡议”，体现在本地区就是合作构建一个包容性的架构，各国在其中协调利益。今年5月中国会同一些国家在香港成立国际调解院，致力于以和平方式解决国际争端和分歧。9月3日在北京举行了盛大阅兵，纪念80年前中国抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争取得的胜利。这个高度透明的力量展示说明，中国拥有保家卫国并为世界和平贡献力量的更强能力。正如习近平主席指出的，国家、民族只有平等相待、和睦相处、才能维护共同安全，消弭战争根源。

傅莹说，中国正依托上升的实力，更加主动地塑造亚洲和平、发展与合作的局面，工作重点之一是构建战略互信——中国和亚洲国家是合作伙伴，不是竞争对手，更非零和关系。有了这样的互信，我们可以做很多事，包括妥善管控矛盾分歧，加强产业链供应链合作，携手应对各类风险挑战，便利人员往来，等等。和平稳定是这个地区发展繁荣的基础。

关于中澳关系，傅莹表示 ，中澳经济合作总体上克服了政治分歧、战略矛盾造成的困扰，显示了增长的韧性，十年来两国贸易以美元计增长了86.6%。李强总理去年访澳时说，“中澳合作的商机无限，就像太平洋一样宽广”。今年是中澳自贸协定生效第十年，双方需要用好政治关系改善的契机，深化传统合作，积极开拓人工智能、医疗健康、绿色能源、数字经济等新增长点，积极开展人员交流（中国向澳大利亚人提供了30天免签入境待遇）。中国正与亚洲国家一道构建周边命运共同体，欢迎澳大利亚参与这个进程。        

在对话环节，当主持人问及中国是否在重塑全球体系、是否试图对现行国际秩序另起炉灶时，傅莹回答，中国人谈国际秩序，指的是以联合国为核心的国际体系。二战后建立的联合国是全球共识的产物，虽然并不完美，但却是世界上唯一一个所有国家都认可的体系。中国始终把自己定位为国际体系中的负责任一员，积极支持联合国各项工作，是安理会五常中派遣维和人员最多的国家。中国也支持其他一些国际机制，比如世贸组织（WTO）和国际货币基金组织（IMF）。中国2001年入世以来，从贸易便利化中获益，即便面对美国的关税打压，依然努力通过WTO解决争端。在2009年的欧债危机期间，中国在IMF特别提款权之外增资认购500亿美元的债券，为其救助提供支持。现行国际秩序为应对新的全球性挑战需要进一步改革完善，中国依据构建人类命运共同体的理念，与其他一些国家合作，创建了一些新型公共产品，比如亚投行、“一带一路”等。同时，在区域层面，中国也在推动包容性秩序的构建，比如与东盟十国签署《南海各方行为宣言》，尊重并支持东盟在地区安全事务中发挥“中心作用”等。

在回答关于中美关系及其对亚洲的影响提问时，傅莹表示，美国认为自己曾长期主导亚洲，并且自信现在依然如此。然而，美国所习惯的世界观并不一定适合亚洲的现实情况。美国在处理与中国的关系时，常常试图按照自己的镜像和逻辑来推论，认识不到相互尊重、平等相待的重要性。美国在战略竞争思维驱使下，试图压制中国的发展，损害双边关系。中国坚持致力于维护两国关系稳定健康发展，希望美方相向而行。

当主持人问到如何看待亚洲的多极化时，傅莹表示，全球层面的多极化正在加快形成，中国支持平等有序的世界多极化。亚洲也呈现出多元化和多样性的特征，各国都有追求现代化与发展的共同愿望。这种多样性需要被尊重，不可能由某个大国单方面来决定。许多亚洲国家有过被殖民的历史，格外重视国家尊严。这个地区也存在历史遗留的边界争端，难以完全解决，但通过努力还是可以管控的，确保彼此关系在正确轨道上前行，聚焦发展这个最大公约数。

当主持人问中方希望澳大利亚在美国、中国和本地区“三角关系”中扮演什么角色时，傅莹表示，澳大利亚人应从自己的根本利益出发做出选择。遗憾的是，最近澳大利亚媒体一些文章似乎还停留在旧的思维惯性上，从“主导”和“控制”的角度解读中国的力量和政策。中澳两国社会应该坚持对话和交流，不断增进对彼此实际情况的了解。我们可以坦诚表达彼此立场，但不应居高临下地认为自己比对方更懂如何发展。一些澳媒对中国9·3阅兵存在误读和误解，澳大利亚人应该记得，1942年日本轰炸达尔文港时，中国已经被侵略占领十多年，那时的中澳人民是在为同一个目标而战斗。中国阅兵释放的强烈信号是呼吁和平，绝不让历史悲剧重演，对和平的追求应是所有国家的基本共识，中澳两国可以在这个共识基础上扩大对话与合作。

Focusing on Peace and Development, Building the Community of Shared Future with Neighboring Countries

— Fu Ying at the 2nd Financial Review Asia Summit

 (2025 September 10)  

On September 9, 2025, the second Financial Review Asia Summit was convened in Sydney, Australia. Co-hosted by the Australian Financial Review (AFR) and the Asia Society Australia, the summit brought together prominent figures from the political and business communities of Asia and Australia to discuss development and business opportunities in Asia and assess potential risks arising from geopolitical shifts. Fu Ying, Former Chinese Ambassador to the United Kingdom and Australia, was invited to attend the event. She delivered a speech and engaged in a dialogue with Jessica Sier, North Asia Correspondent of AFR.

Fu Ying started her speech by mentioning that Asia’s economic rise began in the 1970s, starting with the “flying geese” model. Soon, China picked up the momentum and provided greater driving force. Now China is leading Asia’s modernization and many countries are catching the tide, bringing Asia to the forefront of global economic and technological progress. Currently, China contributes more than 50% to Asia’s economic growth, over 60% to the Asia-Pacific on the whole, and around 30% to global growth. Globally, China is now the largest trading partner of more than 120 countries and it’s starting point is Asia, through the Belt and Road Initiative, the RCEP, and the China–ASEAN FTA, connecting with the world. China’s rise and its economic public goods benefit Asia and the world: from large-scale imports of resources and products, trade in goods and services, investment, aid, and currency stability tools, to deeper integration of supply chains. Now the “new trio” products, namely the electric vehicles, new energy batteries, and solar panels, along with AI technology, are reshaping how we produce and live.

When introducing China’s neighborhood diplomacy, Fu Ying said that maintaining peace and stability in the region and fostering friendly and cooperative relations, is essential for China’s own security and prosperity.  At April’s Central Conference on Relations with the Neighboring Countries, the general conclusion is that China’s relationship with its neighborhood is at its best moment in modern times. There is also awareness that the regional situation is growingly intertwined with what’s happening on the world stage. President Xi reaffirmed that we should work with the neighboring countries in community building through high-quality Belt and Road cooperation which is supported by our common believe in an Asian security model based on sharing weal and woe, seeking common ground while shelving differences, and prioritizing dialogue and consultation. China remains committed to the Asian values of peace, cooperation, openness, and inclusiveness which provides conceptual and value guide for building an Asian community with a shared future.

Fu Ying stated that Asia on the whole has entered a period of long peace and wide prosperity after the end of cold war. This is how countries including China have been able to make use of the development opportunities brought by economic globalization. We have every reason to make sure that the positive tide continues. The Chinese government’s “Global Security Initiative” aims to collaborate with regional countries to build an inclusive framework in which all nations can coordinate their interests. This May, China, together with some other countries established the International Organization for Mediation in the Hong Kong and it’s dedicated to resolving disputes and addressing differences through peaceful means. On September 3, a grand military parade was held in Beijing to commemorate 80th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. This highly transparent display of strength demonstrates China’s ability to safeguard national security and contribute to maintaining world peace. As President Xi Jinping stated, only when nations and peoples treat each other as equals and live in harmony can we maintain common security and eliminate the root causes of war.

Fu Ying said that China, while has grown in strength, is willing to play an active role in shaping peace, development, and cooperation in Asia. Looking ahead, China’s Asia policy will focus on building strategic mutual trust—China and Asian countries are partners, not competitors, and certainly not in a zero-sum relationship. With such mutual trust, we can do a lot, including properly managing contradictions and differences, strengthening cooperation in industrial and supply chain, addressing risks and challenges, and expanding p-to-p exchanges and connectivity. Peace and stability are the foundation of prosperity in this region.

From November 30, 2024, to December 31, 2025, Australian ordinary passport holders can enjoy visa-free entry to China for stays up to 30 days for business, tourism, and family visits.

About the China-Australia relations, Fu Ying observed that China–Australia economic ties have stood firm and overcome the disruptions caused by political differences and strategic tension, indicating strong resilience. China-Australia trade measured in US dollars has grown by 86.6%.  As the Chinese Premier Li Qiang said during his visit to Australia last year, “The cooperation opportunities for China–Australia are as broad as the Pacific Ocean”. This year marks the tenth year since the China–Australia FTA came into effect. There is every reason for both sides to make the best out of the improved political relations to deepen cooperation both in the traditional trading areas and to actively explore new growth areas such as artificial intelligence, medical health, green energy, and digital economy etc. We should also actively promote p-to-p exchanges (China has offered 30 days visa-free to Australia). China is working with Asian countries to build a community with a shared future and welcomes Australia to also join.

During the dialoged session, when asked whether China’s aim is to create an alternative system for international order, Fu Ying said that when the Chinese people speak about order, they refer to the international order centered on the United Nations. The UN system was created after World War II based on global consensus, and though it is not perfect, it remains the only system agreed by every country. China has always positioned itself as a responsible member of the international system, actively supporting the work of the UN, and has sent the more peacekeeping personnel than other permanent members of the Security Council. China also supports other international mechanisms, such as WTO and IMF. Since its accession to the WTO in 2001, China has benefited from trade facilitation. When confronting the U.S. tariff pressure, China has resorted to seeking dispute settlement through the WTO. During the Eurozone debt crisis in 2009, China also offered help played by purchasing US$50 billion of bonds in addition to fulfilling the IMF Special Drawing Rights. The current international order needs further reform and improvement to cope with new global challenges. Based on the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, China has cooperated with other countries to create some new public goods, such as Belt and Road Initiative and AIIB, etc. China has no intention of establishing an alternative system. At the regional level, China has also been supporting the development of an inclusive order—for example, by signing the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea with the ten ASEAN member states, and by respecting and supporting ASEAN’s “central role” in regional security affairs

When asked about China-U.S. relations and their impact on Asia, Fu Ying stated that the United States has long believed that it had a dominance in Asia and still thinks so today. However, the way US sees the world does not necessarily reflect the realities of Asia. The US tend to view China according to its own mirror image and logic, failing to recognize the importance of mutual respect and equality. Driven by a mindset of strategic competition, the US has sought to contain China’s development, undermining bilateral relations. China remains committed to keep a stable and healthy relationship with the US and expects the later move in the same direction.    

When asked about how she views multipolarity in Asia, Fu Ying said that at the global level, multi-polarity is accelerating, and China supports an “equal and orderly multipolar world.”  Asian countries are characterized by diversity in many aspects like cultural tradition and religions believes. But they share a common aspiration for modernization and development. Such diversity needs to be respected and they cannot be determined by any single major power. Many of them had a history of being colonized and have a strong sense of dignity. Many of them also have unresolved border issues left from history and difficult to be resolved. But there is a common understanding to contain disputes and keep relationships on track. And the focus should be on development, which represents the greatest common denominator.

When the moderator asked what role China hopes Australia will play in the “trilateral relationship” among the US, China, and the region, Fu Ying said that Australians know what’s best for them. Unfortunately, some recent articles in the Australian publications indicate that some people may be still trapped in old patterns of thinking, interpreting China’s growing strength and policies from the logic of dominance and control. China and Australia should promote dialogue and exchanges, continuously deepening their understanding of each other’s realities. We should state our differences openly, but not assume we know better than the other about handling their own affairs. Some Australian media have misinterpreted China’s military parade. I wonder if they remember, when Darwin was bombed in 1942, China had already been under a brutal occupation for more than a decade, and Australia and China were fighting for the same goal. The strong signal sent by China’s military parade is a call for peace, with a firm resolve to ensure that the historical tragedies never happen again. The pursuit for peace should be a minimal consensus for all countries, and China and Australia can expand dialogue and cooperation on the basis of this shared understanding.