印度曼尼普尔爆发骚乱，印度内部暗流涌动的民族、种姓和宗教问题_风闻

印度曼尼普尔邦爆发的骚乱是怎么回事？印度内部暗流涌动的民族种姓和宗教问题

本文译自Youtube，原标题：Why is Manipur violence dangerous for India? | Manipur riots explained | Abhi and Niyu

原文很长，本段为节选，对翻译文感兴趣可搜索【樱落】前|往查看数千篇翻译文。

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五一假日期间，印度曼尼普尔邦爆发部落冲突，伤亡巨大。目前，印度军方已经派出55支军队和步枪队、近万名军警前往维稳，还有14支部队处于待命状态，随时准备战斗。

据悉，事件的起因是梅泰族要求中央政府将其纳入表列部落，而其他表列部落不同意，进而演变为暴力冲突。

梅泰族是曼尼普尔邦的主体民族，历史上曾长期担任统治者。当年印巴分治的时候，梅泰人也主张独立建国，且一度获得成功，建立了曼尼普尔王国。

变故发生在1949年9月，曼尼普尔国王被邀请到西隆，期间在“非正常情况”下签订了将本国并入印度联邦的协议。

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In this video, we will explore the causes and consequences of the 2023 Manipur violence, an ongoing ethnic clash between the Hindu Meitei people and Christian tribal Kuki people in India’s north-eastern state of Manipur. The violence erupted on 3 May 2023 during the “Tribal Solidarity March” called by the All Tribal Student Union Manipur (ATSUM) to protest the granting of reservations to the majority Meitei community1. The violence killed at least 60 people, and injured at least a further 230. It also resulted in the burning of 25 churches and the displacement of 23,000 people. The Indian Army and the Assam Rifles were deployed to restore law and order, and a shoot-at-sight order was issued in some areas. Internet services were also suspended for five days. We will examine the historical and political background of the conflict, which involves land rights, religious differences, and identity politics. We will also look at the current situation and the prospects for peace and reconciliation in this volatile region.

在这段视频中，我们将探讨2023年曼尼普尔暴力事件的前因和后果，这是印度东北部曼尼普尔邦信仰印度教的梅泰人和信仰基督教的Kuki人之间持续的种族冲突。2023年5月3日，曼尼普尔全部落学生会（ATSUM）在“部落团结大游行”期间爆发了暴力事件，抗议向占多数的梅泰社区提供表列部落待遇。暴力事件造成至少60人死亡，另有至少230人受伤。它还导致25座教堂被烧毁，23000人流离失所。印度军队和阿萨姆步枪队被部署来恢复法律和秩序，一些地区发布了瞄准射击命令，当地的互联网服务也暂停了五天。我们将研究这场冲突的历史和政治背景，其中涉及土地权利、宗教差异和身份政治。我们还将审视这个动荡地区的当前局势以及和平与和解的前景。

译注：所谓的表列部落，是印度宪法中规定的一类特殊群体，与之类似的还有表列种姓。众所周知，印度在1947年独立后在名义上废除了种姓制度，为了补偿那些之前遭受过种姓制度剥削和压迫的底层“贱民”，就设立了表列种姓制度。

同理，那些长期被主流社会边缘化的部落民也被列入表列部落，由此享受特殊福利。在设立之初，表列部落的名单共包含了744个部落群体，是印度人口中一个重要的组成部分。

具体到福利本身，最重要的一项是预留制度，即各邦政府和学校要为被列入表列部落的群体留出一定比例的公务员和入学名额。

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Tilak Mahajan

To all the people who came here to see hate comments, just let me make clear that we love North-East no matter what. It is and will remain a culturally important place of India and guys be proud to call yourself an indian even if you are a MIZO, NAGA no matter who you are, ur heart should always be INDIAN. Love from Maharashtra.

对于所有来到这里看到仇恨言论的人，让我明确表示无论发生什么，我们都爱东北地区。它现在是，将来也将继续是印度的一个文化上重要的地方，无论你是MIZO，NAGA，或者谁谁谁，你都应该以印度人为荣。来自马哈拉施特拉邦的爱。

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William Kipgen

The biggest problem that the Northeastern states face today is IDENTITY CRISIS! The citizens out of northeast themselves calls us “Chinese” and it hurts us now that’s where the problem is , those who ain’t a northeast are finding it hard to recognise who the KUKI is who the Meiteis is, in this clash. The protest was against the STATE GOVT ,we held out the national flags and protested in the true spirit of an Indian citizen ,but the problem arose when the Meiteis attacked our villages ,burn them down to ashes. They burn down our houses ,ok that’s fine but why desecrate the house of our lord by burning down the church and speaking all sorts of vulgar inside the church. It’s pure hatred! The Meiteis are playing this as their game ,they attack us ,and frame it as the KUKI attacked them and PPL believe it coz we all look identical! See , y’all have watched the video where PPL were burning our National Flag ,it was the Meiteis! They burn it down ,they ban Hindi movies in the state ,they burn down more than 40 churches ,and they play it as Christians attack the Hindus (Meiteis) of Manipur and trying to seek emotional support and convince the mainland states of India as a religious clash ,this is absurd! Also check out the facts ,we never touched any temples! Honestly ,I really liked this channel @abhiandniyu I really like the contents of this channel but….. Pls sir ,if you’d understand us better ,the Meiteis have been always holding a grudge internally against our KUKI tribe and had taken this as their chance and are giving vague excuses stating it’s against the immigrants and their drugs and etc.

东北部各邦现在面临的最大问题是身份危机！东北以外的人称我们为“中国人”，这让我们很伤心。现在问题就在这里，那些不是东北人的人发现在这场冲突中很难认出谁是KUKI人，谁是梅泰人。抗议是针对邦政府的，我们举着国旗，以印度公民的真正精神进行抗议，但当梅泰人袭击我们的村庄，将其烧成灰烬时，问题就出现了。他们烧毁了我们的房子，好吧，没关系，但为什么要烧毁教堂，在教堂里说各种粗俗的话，亵渎我们主的房子呢？这是纯粹的仇恨！梅泰人把这当作他们的游戏，他们袭击我们，并诬陷为KUKI袭击他们，而人们相信这一点，因为我们看起来都一样！看，你们都看过人们焚烧我们的国旗的视频，那是梅泰人干的！他们烧毁了它，他们在这个邦禁止印地语电影，他们烧毁了40多座教堂，他们播放基督徒攻击曼尼普尔的印度教徒（梅泰人）的视频试图寻求情感支持并说服印度大陆各邦相信这是一场宗教冲突，这太荒谬了！请看看事实，我们从来没有碰过任何寺庙！老实说，我真的很喜欢这个频道@abhiandniyu，我真的喜欢这个频道的内容，但…..请先生，如果你能更好地理解我们的话，你就会知道梅泰人在内部一直对我们KUKI部落怀恨在心，并以此为契机给出了模糊的借口，他们声称这场骚乱是针对移民和他们的毒品的冲突。

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Rosy Kumar Gonmei

I am from manipur and all these incidents happened infront of me, I flew back to Delhi as internet got banned and my work was dependent on internet, manipur is at chaos, my dad’s house was burnt down and my uncle was shoot with two bullets, there’s no media coverage, thankfully happy to see this video. Its true Manipur is burning and very rarely people knows about this.

我来自曼尼普尔，所有这些事件都发生在我面前，我飞回了德里，因为曼尼普尔的互联网被禁止了，而我的工作依赖于互联网。曼尼普尔一片混乱，我父亲的房子被烧毁，我叔叔被两颗子弹击中，但没有媒体报道。谢天谢地，很高兴看到这段视频，它真实的，曼尼普尔正在燃烧，很少有人知道这一点。

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Sujit Tripura

A great example of a political and demographical shift is Tripura where in 1911 indigenous were >90% but today due to illegal immigrants it stands at ~33% with minimal rights and yet nobody talks about us. If you look at the history of Tripura the pain you suffer would be unimaginable. The most unknown historical event in India.

政治和人口结构转变的一个很好的例子是特里普拉邦，1911年，那里的土著人口超过90%，但今天由于非法移民，土著人口约占33%，虽然我们的权利很少，但没有人谈论我们。如果你看看特里普拉邦的历史，你会发现你所遭受的痛苦将是难以想象的，这是印度最不为人知的历史事件。

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Chang Jmt

Sir I am from tripura and I regularly watch your video, as today you have made video on northeast so I would like to tell you that here in tripura the number of illegal migrants is increasing day by day and we the indigenous people of tripura have become minority in our own state.

先生，我来自特里普拉邦，我经常看你的视频。由于今天你制作了关于东北部的视频，所以我想告诉你，在特里普拉邦非法移民的数量与日俱增，我们特里普拉邦的土著人在我们邦已经成为少数群体。

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Pratap Kundu

I was in Manipur,Imphal because I study at Manipur University. So I faced some of violence which happened inside University. It was safe for outsiders but we were scared for all the violence, fires, and many things. We were able to return home very luckily ���. The situation is still not under control…..

我当时正在曼尼普尔的英帕尔，因为我在曼尼普尔大学上学。因此，我面临着大学内部发生的一些暴力事件。虽然这对外人来说是安全的，但我们对所有的暴力、火灾和许多事情都感到害怕。我们非常幸运能够回家，但局势仍未得到控制…….

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Dris-hti Boruah

I’m from Assam, and being a person from the general caste we need to loose lots of opportunities in the name of Reservation even after being capable for it. Even though we can earn it, we don’t even get the chance basically. The minority castes that we talk about are not minority anymore, many undeserving candidates steal opportunities in the name of reservation.

My POV: This CASTE and TRIBE reservation system should not exist anymore. Because most the opportunities are being taken by the rich and powerful people of these minorities than the actual people who are facing minority. It’s literally unfair. Reservation should be based on Economy now, that’s necessary.

See, I’m from a economically weak family and some of my lower caste friends are way more richer and powerful. In that case, I need the reservation not them. Okay! If not reservation then atleast equal opportunity to prove ourselves and earn it.

我来自阿萨姆邦，作为一个普通种姓的人，即使在有能力的情况下，我们也需要以表列种姓的名义得到很多机会。尽管我们可以获得它，但我们基本上连机会都没有，因为我们谈论的少数种姓不再是少数，许多不够格的候选人正在以预留的名义窃取机会。

我的观点：这个种姓和部落预留制度不应该再存在了，因为大多数机会都被这些少数群体的富人和权贵所占据，这真的很不公平。现在预留制度应该基于候选人的经济情况，这是必要的。

虽然我来自一个经济上弱势的家庭，但我的一些低种姓朋友更富有、更有权势。在这种情况下，我而不是他们需要预留名额。好吧，如果没有预留制度，那么我至少有平等的机会证明自己并赢得它。

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KHRISTONI KHORANG..

As a Northeast People i want to say something I’m from Tripura, Most of the people are came from Bangladesh, We Tiprasa also now in Danger because most of Bengali in Tripura helping Bangladeshi to entering Tripura and One day Terrorist will be able to attempt a Bomb blasting Something huge Incident in India through Bangladesh bcoz India Govt still didn’t give borderline in most of Tripura Area …..Every day Bangladeshi thiefs are roaming around Tripura and also Criminal..

作为一个东北人，我想说的是我来自特里普拉邦，这里的大多数人来自孟加拉国，我们特里普拉邦现在也处于危险之中，因为在这里的大多数孟加拉人都在帮助孟加拉国人进入特里普拉，总有一天恐怖分子将能够通过孟加拉人在印度发动炸弹爆炸。印度政府仍然没有划出特里普拉邦大部分地区的边界线……来自孟加拉国的小偷以及犯罪分子每天都在特里普拉游荡。

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K.H

I’m from Manipur Institute of Technology a constituent college of Manipur University, I’ve witnessed the horrific clashed between the Meiteis and Kukis. cars, houses, building burning infront of my eyes and even gun shots. The condition have become so worse that we even had to guard and keep our eyes open at night in the fright that someone might come and attacked us. It’s a nightmare for me, i don’t know how this thing is going to come to a normal stage. I’ve never seen such thing in my life. I think now the time has come that the Govt starts reacting seriously to the border, immigrants issue that have been facing by the northeast people ever since and tries to provide a better solution. I can understand what the both community are feeling, if you look from both point of view they are right in their own place,they are just trying to protect their existence ,so the situation is far more complicated then we imagine

我来自曼尼普尔理工学院，它是曼尼普尔大学的一所附属学院，我目睹了梅泰人和Kuki人之间可怕的冲突。汽车、房屋、建筑物在我眼前燃烧，甚至还有枪声。情况变得如此糟糕，我们甚至不得不在晚上保持警惕，睁大眼睛，担心有人会来袭击我们。这对我来说是一场噩梦，我不知道这件事会如何发展到正常阶段，我这辈子从没见过这样的事。我认为现在是时候了，政府应该开始认真应对东北人一直面临的边境和移民问题并试图提供更好的解决方案。我能理解两个社区的感受，如果你从两个角度来看，他们都有自己的立场，他们只是试图保护自己的存在，所以情况比我们想象的要复杂得多。

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Travelling Trio

The instability and security of the area, which could have larger ramifications for the nation, are threatened by the unrest in Manipur, India.

Certain factions in Manipur have demanded more autonomy or independence, which has resulted in bombings, shootings, and kidnappings that have claimed lives and damaged property.

This might encourage similar separatist movements in other regions of the nation, disrupt commerce and transportation networks, and have long-term economic repercussions for the area and the nation.

受到印度曼尼普尔邦动荡的威胁，该地区的不稳定和安全可能会对国家产生更大的影响。

曼尼普尔的某些派系要求更多的自治或独立，这导致了爆炸、枪击和绑架事件并造成了生命和财产方面的损失。

这可能会鼓励该国其他地区的类似的分离主义运动，扰乱商业和交通网络，并对该地区和国家产生长期的经济影响。

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Ankit Singhal

It is quite surprising that the mainstream media has failed to report on the ongoing crisis in Manipur. Meanwhile, our Prime Minister and other cabinet ministers seem preoccupied with rallies. Your analysis is appreciated, but it would be helpful if you could also shed light on the inadequate media coverage and lack of action from the government in addressing this issue.

令人惊讶的是主流媒体没有报道曼尼普尔正在发生的危机。与此同时，我们的总理和其他内阁部长似乎忙于集会。感谢您的分析，但如果您也能阐明媒体报道不足和政府在解决这一问题方面缺乏行动，那将是有帮助的。

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Kriti

Be unite.. that’s how we can stay together.. enemy country were just waiting for a small break between us please don’t get distracted we all are the people of India staying together with difference in our culture, religion and language since the beginning.. so just because of small reason don’t break the unity.. because we INDIAN always put humanity above then everything.. and that’s why other countries envy us ..

团结起来..这就是我们在一起的方式。敌国只是在等待我们之间的一个小破绽，请不要分心，我们都是从一开始就在文化、宗教和语言上存在差异的印度人，所以不要因为小原因就破坏团结。我们印度人总是把人性置于一切之上，这就是为什么其他国家羡慕我们的原因。

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Metal Copper

Main grassroot issue is migration from Myanmar and Bangladesh in those states. And may be plan of anti-India fellows of pak , china , Myanmar or Bangladesh. The strict action embedded by government was great . This dispute has to be solved ASAP then its good for nation. We seek to government to grapple the conflict ASAP. Jai hind

主要的基层问题是来自缅甸和孟加拉国的移民，这可能是巴基斯坦、中国、缅甸或孟加拉国的反印度分子的计划。政府采取的严格行动是伟大的，这场争端必须尽快解决，这对国家有好处。我们寻求政府尽快解决冲突。印度必胜！

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ram Khwairakpam

I am a Meitie, the mainland inhabitants.

Kuki leaders just have to make sure the world see their violence is for Scheduled Tribe issue.

If the issue was only for Scheduled Tribe thing, it was just discussions that was needed solve the issues.

But, no.. Things were and, are a completely different matter inside.

Kukis were brought to Manipur by Britishers.

We Meiteis saved Kukis once in 1993.

Please tell me who would like:

1) More immigrants keep entering your state non stop and giving them the title Kuki.

2) Also, the immigrants include militants, poppy experts, labourers and others as well.

3) And with this power they want a separate State out of your State.

4) Rampant cutting down your forests to plant Poppies.

Now, tell me..Would you want this to happen to your state? What would you do?

我是梅泰人，大陆的原住民。

Kuki领|导人只需要确保全世界都看到他们的暴力是针对预留部落的问题。

如果这个问题只是针对预留部落的事情，那么只需要讨论来解决问题即可。

但是，没有。过去和现在的情况完全不同。

Kuki人是由英国人带到曼尼普尔的。

1993年，我们梅泰人救过他们一次。

请告诉我谁愿意：

1） 越来越多的移民不停地进入你们的邦并给他们起了Kuki的称号。

2） 此外，移民还包括激进分子、罂粟专家、劳工和其他人。

3） 有了这种权力，他们想脱离你们建立一个独立的邦。

4） 大肆砍伐森林种植罂粟。

现在，告诉我…你希望这种情况发生在你所在的邦吗？你会怎么做？

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