“不值得”：为什么在英国全职工作不再划算_风闻

【来源龙腾网】

正文原创翻译：

‘It’s just not worth it’: why full-time work no longer pays in the UK

-Britain has a shrinking economy and a worker shortage – so why aren’t part-time workers increasing their hours?

“不值得”：为什么在英国全职工作不再划算

——英国经济正在萎缩，工人短缺——那么为什么兼职工人不增加他们的工作时间呢？

(An Elizabeth Line train en route to Paddington from Slough. Commuting has been named one of the unaffordable elements of full-time work, in addition to childcare and other costs.)

（从斯劳开往帕丁顿的伊丽莎白线列车。除了育儿和其他费用外，通勤被认为是全职工作中负担不起的因素之一。）

新闻：

Tougher benefit rules have boosted employment in the UK, but have also trapped workers in dead-end jobs and weakened incentives to move from part to full-time work, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS).

英国财政研究所表示，更严格的福利规定促进了英国的就业，但也将工人困在没有前途的工作中，削弱了他们从兼职转向全职的动力。

As Britain is expected to be the only major industrialised country to see its economy shrink this year, amid rising interest rates and higher taxes, the government is frantically trying to find ways to boost economic growth.

由于利率上升、税收增加，预计英国将是今年唯一一个经济出现萎缩的主要工业国家，政府正在疯狂地寻找刺激经济增长的方法。

With the chancellor, Jeremy Hunt, having launched an inquiry into why hundreds of thousands of people have left the workforce recently, and the Treasury keen to get more people into full-time work, the question of why more people aren’t increasing their hours amid a persistent shortage of workers has once more moved centre stage.

随着财政大臣杰里米·亨特发起“为什么最近有数十万人离开了劳动力市场”的调查，并且财政部渴望于让更多的人找到全职工作，在劳动力持续短缺的情况下，为什么没有更多的人增加工作时间的问题再次成为了焦点。

More than 8 million people – a quarter of the UK workforce – are in part-time work now, the latest official figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show.

英国国家统计局的最新官方数据显示，目前有超过800万人（占英国劳动力的四分之一）在做兼职。

Influential Tory backbenchers are putting pressure on the chancellor to introduce a range of measures to help make childcare more affordable so parents can get back to work.

有影响力的保守党后座议员正在向财政大臣施加压力，要求他出台一系列措施，使儿童保育费用更低，以便父母能够重返工作岗位。

In a keynote speech at Bloomberg last month, Hunt urged early retirees and those struggling to find a new job to rejoin the workforce. “We need you, and we will look at the conditions necessary to make it worth your while,” he said.

亨特上个月在彭博社发表主题演讲时，敦促提前退休的人和那些努力寻找新工作的人重新加入劳动力大军。他说：“我们需要你，我们会考虑必要的条件，让你的付出值得。”

But for more than a decade now, due to a range of Conservative policies, families working full-time across the income spectrum have been finding themselves earning less money than if they worked part-time.

但十多年来，由于保守党的一系列政策，各个收入阶层的全职家庭发现自己的收入比兼职家庭要少。

William, 58, a single father from Bedfordshire, is one of several people who told the Guardian that they would like to work more, but are financially better off for reducing their hours.

58岁的威廉是来自贝德福德郡的一位单身父亲，他和其他几个人一样告诉《卫报》，他们想多工作，但减少工作时间会让他们的经济状况更好。

He works 11 hours a week as a community care worker, visiting elderly clients in their own homes.

他是一名社区护理员，每周工作11个小时，到老年客户家中看望他们。

“I’ve reduced my hours because I’m receiving universal credit. If I work over a certain number of hours or earn over £334 a month, my award is reduced. This means that I don’t get paid for some of the hours worked in real terms.

“我减少了工作时间，因为我正在获得通用福利金。如果我工作超过一定小时数或每月收入超过334英镑，我的福利金就会减少。这意味着我的一些工作时间是没有实际报酬的。

“My job requires that I use my car and although I receive a mileage allowance, this gets added to my take-home pay and again my UC award is reduced, so effectively I don’t receive the money I lay out for fuel.”

“我的工作要求我开车，虽然我有里程补贴，但这被计入了我的实得工资，于是我的通用福利金又减少了，所以实际上我没有拿回我的油钱。”

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

William has calculated that he would have to nearly triple his hours to 32 a week to be better off by £100 a month. “Believe me, I’d love to work more hours, but it’s just not worth it.”

威廉计算过，他必须将每周工作时间增加近两倍，达到32个小时，每月才能多赚100英镑。“相信我，我很想多工作几个小时，但这不值得。”

He expects that he will have to quit care work and find a different job when new rules requiring some universal credit claimants to work more hours come into effect.

他预计，当要求一些通用福利金申请人工作更长时间的新规定生效时，他将不得不辞掉护理工作，找一份不同的工作。

“If this affects me I’ll be forced to leave the care profession and work in a shop or factory instead, without fuel costs. It’s those kinds of things that prevent people from staying in the care sector and other fields of work.”

“如果这影响到我，我将被迫离开护理行业，在商店或工厂工作，不需要汽油成本。正是这些事情阻碍了人们留在护理部门和其他领域的工作。”

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Kate Mitchell, 39, a mother of two from Guildford, who used to earn a £40,000 annual salary in a private consultancy, said unaffordable childcare as well as commuting costs to London led her to reduce her hours.

39岁的凯特·米切尔来自吉尔福德是两个孩子的母亲，她曾在一家私人咨询公司工作，年薪4万英镑。她说，负担不起的托儿费用和往返伦敦的通勤费用导致她减少了工作时间。

Mitchell now works 25 hours, remotely, earning £1,100 a month. She pays nursery costs of about £700 a month, which would rise to £1,595 for a full-time place, including 15 free hours of government-funded childcare a week.

米切尔现在远程工作25小时，每月收入1100英镑。她每月支付约700英镑的托儿所费用，如果是全职托儿所，费用将增加到1595英镑，其中包括政府资助的每周15小时免费托儿服务。

“Together with after-school club fees and around £400 commuting costs I’d have to spend more on going to work than I’d be earning full-time in a London office, we’d be financially worse off than if I didn’t work at all.

“再加上课外社团费和大约400英镑的通勤费，我上班要花的钱比我在伦敦全职工作挣的钱还要多，我们的经济状况比我不工作更差了。

“I’m now making a profit of around £350 a month. I’d love to work more, to get back into the career I spent a decade building. I’ve put any kind of ambition on hold, there is just zero incentive to try and earn more.”

“我现在每月能赚350英镑左右。我想做更多的工作，回到我花了十年建立起来的事业中。我把所有的抱负都搁置了，根本没有动力去挣更多的钱。”

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

A number of middle and higher earner couples told the Guardian that punitive childcare costs and income taxation meant that going part-time and generating income through property ownership was financially more lucrative than full-time employment.

一些中高收入夫妇在接受《卫报》采访时表示，惩罚性的育儿成本和所得税意味着，兼职工作和通过拥有房产获得收入在经济上比全职工作更有利可图。

A couple from Cheshire, a primary school teacher and an engineer, said they had both reduced their hours to save about £2,000 monthly in childcare fees, resulting in roughly the same financial circumstances as when they were working full-time.

一对来自柴郡的夫妇，一个是小学教师，一个是工程师，他们表示，为了每月节省约2000英镑的托儿费，他们都减少了工作时间，结果他们的经济状况与全职工作时大致相同。

“I can’t see us ever going back to full-time work as our better work-life balance is priceless, so I do worry about our pension contributions,” one of them said. “I’ve increased mine to counter the reduction in pay and we’re looking into getting a rental property to make up the difference.”

其中一人说：“我觉得我们再也不可能回到全职工作了，因为更好的工作与生活平衡是无价的，所以我确实担心我们的养老金缴款。我已经提高了缴款，以弥补工资的减少，我们正在考虑租房子来弥补差额。”

Between July 2021 and July 2022, the average UK house price increased by £39,000, meaning many homeowners earned more money with their house than in their job, as the current average salary for full-time UK employees is £33,000 as of November 2022, according to ONS.

根据国家统计局的数据，在2021年7月至2022年7月期间，英国平均房价上涨了3.9万英镑，这意味着许多房主靠房子赚的钱比他们的工作赚的钱还要多，因为截至2022年11月，英国全职员工的平均工资是3.3万英镑。

EasyJet pilot McKenzie, a father of three, has similar plans: he will soon trade his full-time contract for a part-time one and flip properties on the side.

易捷航空的飞行员麦肯齐是三个孩子的父亲，他也有类似的计划：他很快就会把全职合同换成兼职合同，并在业余时间卖房子。

“I’m a captain, and the only reason I’m still working full-time is because my pension pot is small, due to time abroad. I currently contribute the maximum £40,000 to my pension, but in a few years I’ll absolutely go part-time, like a significant number of my colleagues already have, to avoid paying an effective tax rate of 62% [including 2% national insurance, on income between £100,000 and £125,140 due to the loss of the personal tax-free allowance].

“我是一名机长，我仍然全职工作的唯一原因是因为我的养老金很少，因为我在国外工作了一段时间。我目前缴纳的养老金上限为4万英镑，但几年后，我绝对会做兼职，就像我的很多同事已经做的那样，以避免为收入支付62%的实际税率（由于失去个人免税免税额，包括收入在10万英镑至125140英镑之间的2%的国民保险）。

“It’s just not worth it to wake up every day at 3am to work in the job I trained for: I’ll have the same take-home pay as I do now – £5,000 a month – by going part-time and reducing my pension contributions.

“每天凌晨3点起床从事我为之而培训的工作是不值得的：通过做兼职和减少养老金缴纳，我将获得和现在一样的实得工资——每月5000英镑。”

“This government has given us 12 years of fiscal drag and asset price bubbles, and people no longer see that work pays. It’s crackers.”

“本届政府给我们带来了12年的财政拖累和资产价格泡沫，人们不再认为（全职）工作是划算的。这太疯狂了。”