百万富翁外流，英国“失去魅力”_风闻

【来源龙腾网】

正文原创翻译：

Exodus of millionaires as Britain ‘loses its shine’

-The ultra-wealthy are deserting the UK, piling extra pressure on public finances

百万富翁外流，英国“失去魅力”

——超级富豪正在离开英国，给公共财政带来了额外压力

新闻：

Britain was once a world leader in attracting the super-rich to its shores. Millionaire entrepreneurs and wealthy families flocked to the UK, buoyed by generous tax breaks, a simple visa system and strong economic prospects.

英国曾经在吸引超级富豪移民方面处于世界领先地位。那时在慷慨的税收减免、简单的签证制度和强劲的经济前景的推动下，百万富翁企业家和富裕家庭纷纷涌入英国。

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But a series of punishing tax changes, political uncertainty and more difficult migration rules have caused the ultra-wealthy to shun Britain – and take their money elsewhere.

但一系列惩罚性的税收变化、政治不确定性和更严格的移民规定，导致超级富豪们避开英国，把他们的钱转移到其他地方。

Experts warned this had reduced the nation’s tax intake and resulted in higher taxes on ordinary households to fill the gap.

专家警告说，这减少了国家的税收收入，导致普通家庭的税收增加，以填补这一缺口。

More millionaires are emigrating from the UK than arriving, according to analysis by migration consultancy Henley & Partners. The country has suffered a net outflow of 12,000 wealthy individuals – those with assets and cash of more than $1m (£830,000) – since 2017, with some 1,500 rich individuals leaving in 2022.

移民咨询公司Henley & Partners的分析显示，从英国迁出的百万富翁多于迁入的百万富翁。自2017年以来，英国有1.2万名富人（资产和现金超过100万美元（83万英镑））净流出，其中约1500名富人在2022年离开。

Experts said stealth tax raids and increasing scrutiny of foreign nationals were to blame for Britain “losing its shine” among the super-wealthy.

专家表示，英国在超级富豪中“失去光彩”的原因是秘密的税收突袭和对外国人越来越严格的审查。

The number of people claiming “non-dom” tax status, which exempts British residents with their permanent home abroad from paying UK tax on their foreign income or capital gains, has also fallen sharply.

申请“非本地”税收身份的人数也大幅下降。“非本地”税收身份使拥有海外永久居所的英国居民不必为其海外收入或资本利得缴纳英国税。

New claims for the tax break fell from 14,200 to 8,500 in the 2020-21 tax year, according to a Freedom of Information request submitted to HM Revenue & Customs by law firm Pinsent Masons. It marked a further decline from the 15,400 new claims made in 2018-19.

根据品诚梅森律师事务所提交给英国税务海关总署的一份《信息自由法》申请，2020-21纳税年度，新申请减税的人数从1.42万降至8500人。这标志着2018-19年度新增声索人数为15400人，进一步下降。

Recent reforms have watered down the tax benefits of non-dom status and made it less appealing, especially when compared to more generous schemes found in other countries.

最近的改革削弱了非本地居民身份的税收优惠，使其吸引力下降，尤其是与其他国家更慷慨的计划相比。

Experts said the repeated introduction of new tougher rules had scared many people away.

专家表示，不断出台的更严格的新规定吓跑了许多人。

Since 2008, claimants in the UK have had to pay a £30,000 annual charge if they have been a resident for seven of the previous nine tax years. This rises to £60,000 after being resident for 12 of the past 14 tax years.

自2008年以来，如果申请人在过去9个纳税年度中有7个是英国居民身份，那么他们每年必须支付3万英镑的费用。如果在过去14个纳税年度中有12个，这个数字将上升到6万英镑。

Another rule change followed in 2017, meaning someone who has lived in the UK for at least 15 of the past 20 years automatically becomes domiciled in the UK and is taxed on their worldwide wealth like the rest of the population.

2017年又发生了另一项规则变化，这意味着过去20年里在英国居住至少15年的人自动成为英国居民，并像其他人口一样对其全球财富征税。

Steven Porter, of law firm Pinsent Masons, said: “Quite a number of non-doms have left the UK because of the 15 year rule and we expect this to continue for a number of years.

品诚梅森律师事务所的史蒂文·波特表示：“由于15年的规定，相当多的非定居居民离开了英国，我们预计这种情况将持续数年。”

“It’s just not as favourable for individuals to stay here any more. The UK has lost its lustre.”

“对个人来说，留在这里不再那么有利了。英国已经失去了往日的光彩。”

Nimesh Shah, of the tax specialist Blick Rothenberg, said: “The UK’s non-dom regime used to be the envy of the world. But in recent years the general shine has come off and it has fallen behind other countries, who have been competing hard to attract wealthy talent.”

Blick Rothenberg税务专家尼梅什·沙阿表示：“英国的非本地居民制度曾经令全世界羡慕。但近年来，它的整体光芒已经褪去，已经落后于其他国家，后者一直在努力吸引富有的人才。”

Wealthy entrepreneurs and investors have also been spooked by Labour promises to abolish non-dom status entirely should it win the next election, experts said.

专家表示，富有的企业家和投资者也被工党的承诺吓坏了，该党承诺如果赢得下次大选，将完全废除非本地居民身份制度。

Other countries are competing to snap up wealthy and talented individuals who feel neglected by Britain.

其他国家也在竞相抢夺那些感到被英国忽视的富有和有才华的人才。

Andrew Amoils of New World Wealth, an analyst, said: “The UK used to be very smart about encouraging people to move there. That has certainly changed and we have definitely seen a drop in the number of very wealthy individuals moving to the country since 2017.

新世界财富分析师安德鲁·阿莫伊斯表示：“英国过去在鼓励人们移居方面非常明智。自2017年以来，这种情况已经发生了变化，我们确实看到移居该国的非常富有的人数量有所下降。

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“The English language has always kept the UK on the map when it comes to attracting foreign wealth, but there are other English speaking countries, like Australia, now competing hard for that talent.”

“在吸引外国财富方面，英语一直让英国在地图上保持着地位，但现在还有其他讲英语的国家，比如澳大利亚，正在努力争夺这些人才。”

The British inheritance tax system was an ongoing deterrent for foreign nationals, added Mr Amoils. He said: “The UK has quite a low inheritance tax threshold and high rate of tax when compared with other countries, with the exception of maybe France and Japan.

阿莫伊斯补充说，英国的遗产税制度一直是对外国人的一种威慑。他说：“与法国和日本以外的其他国家相比，英国的遗产税起征点很低，税率却很高。

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“There are first world countries that don’t have inheritance tax, like Australia, or have high thresholds – like the US where only estates over $12m are liable.”

“有些第一世界国家没有遗产税，比如澳大利亚，或者门槛很高——比如美国，只有1200万美元以上的遗产才需要缴纳遗产税。”

Mr Amoils said other countries were now leading the global race to attract wealthy foreign nationals with generous tax schemes. Last year Greece gained 1,200 millionaires, Portugal attracted 1,300 and Switzerland gained 2,200.

阿莫伊斯表示，在以慷慨的税收计划吸引富有的外国公民方面，其他国家目前在全球竞争中处于领先地位。去年，希腊新增1200名百万富翁，葡萄牙新增1300名，瑞士新增2200名。

The exodus of rich individuals from the UK and its failure to compete for wealthy talent on the world stage threatens to have dire consequences for the British economy.

英国富人的大量外流，以及英国未能在世界舞台上争夺富有人才，可能会给英国经济带来可怕的后果。

Experts have warned business leaders and investors relocating elsewhere because of Britain’s restrictive tax regime would have a “significant long-term impact” on the economy.

专家警告称，由于英国限制性税收制度而迁移到其他地方的商业领袖和投资者将对经济产生“重大的长期影响”。

Mr Porter said: “When people are this wealthy they can afford to be picky about where they chose to live and invest their money. They can shop around and tax benefits are on the top of their list.”

波特说：“当人们如此富有时，他们有能力对他们选择的居住地和投资进行挑剔。他们可以货比三家，而税收优惠是他们的首选。”

The number of non-doms in the UK has almost halved since 2015, dropping from 123,000 to 68,300 in 2021, according to HMRC data.

英国税务海关总署的数据显示，自2015年以来，英国的非本地居民数量几乎减少了一半，从12.3万人降至2021年的6.83万人。

The Government has insisted that despite a fall in new non-doms registering in the UK in 2020-21, which it partly attributed to reduced travel amid the pandemic, its tax income from these individuals remained largely in line with previous years.

政府坚称，尽管2020-21年度英国新登记的非定居居民人数有所下降（部分原因是疫情期间出行减少），但来自这些人的税收收入基本与前几年持平。

HMRC estimated it collected £5.6bn in income tax from non-doms in 2021 – broadly in line with 2020 and 2019. However this is £1.3bn less than in 2017 when the 15-year rule was introduced.

英国税务海关总署估计，它在2021年从非定居居民那里征收了56亿英镑的所得税，与2020年和2019年基本持平。然而，这比2017年推出15年期规定时少了13亿英镑。

National Insurance contributions made by non-doms have fallen from £2.3bn to £1.9bn in the same period and capital gains tax paid by non-doms dropped from £402m to £336m, adding to the black hole in Britain’s public finances.

同期，非定居居民缴纳的国民保险缴款从23亿英镑降至19亿英镑，而非定居居民缴纳的资本利得税从4.02亿英镑降至3.36亿英镑，这加剧了英国公共财政的黑洞。

But the economic impact of fewer wealthy individuals in the UK goes beyond lost taxes. Mr Shah said: “A lot of the non-doms I deal with are coming to the UK to set up successful businesses and are adding to the economy that way.”

但英国富人减少对经济的影响，不仅限于税收损失。沙阿表示：“我接触过的许多非本地居民都是来英国成功创业的，并以此为英国经济做出了贡献。”

Mr Porter added: “With them not only goes cash to invest and UK taxes, but also talent and entrepreneurship which would otherwise have contributed to the economy.”

波特补充说：“随着他们一起离开的不仅是用于投资的现金和英国的税收，还有本可以为经济做出贡献的人才和创业精神。”