为什么巴黎的摩天大楼这么少？_风闻

【来源龙腾网】

评论原创翻译：

Guillaume Nico

1/ Paris was entirely renovated between 1853 and 1870 by Georges-Eugène Haussmann. One key feature of that gigantic public works program was the set of regulations defining the apartment buildings themselves — known as Haussmannian buildings — that, among other things, limited the number of floors to 6. Since these buildings are pretty nice and became a characteristic feature of modern Paris, there is a general feeling that they should remain in place as originally designed.

Now, why would you build higher buildings? Well, probably because you mean to increase density. Which leads us to my second point.

2/ These regulations never changed because it wasn’t needed. It happen that Haussmannian buildings as they were designed in the XIXth century already allow to build extremely dense blocks. The most striking example lies at the intersection of the rue Eugene Sue and the rue Simart (see picture below): even using the Parisian average of 35 m² per inhabitant, such blocks could potentially accommodate something like 100’000 people per km².

As a result, Paris is much denser than New-York and the 11th, 18th, 20th, 10th and 17th arrondissements (5 out of 20) are even denser than Manhattan.

1/ 1853年至1870年期间，乔治-欧仁-豪斯曼对巴黎进行了全面翻新。这个庞大的公共工程项目的一个关键特征是一套定义公寓楼本身的规定--被称为豪斯曼式建筑--除其他外，将楼层数限制在6层。由于这些建筑相当漂亮，并成为现代巴黎的一个特征，人们普遍认为它们应该保持最初的设计。

现在，你为什么要建造更高的建筑？嗯，可能是因为你想增加密度。这就引出了我的第二个观点。

2/ 这些规定从未改变过，因为它不需要。在十九世纪设计的豪斯曼尼式建筑已经允许建造极其密集的街区。最突出的例子是在尤金苏街和西马尔街的交汇处（见下图）：即使按照巴黎平均每个居民35平方米的面积计算，这样的街区也有可能容纳每平方公里100'000人。

因此，巴黎的人口密度比纽约高得多，第11、18、20、10和17区（20个区中的5个区）的人口密度甚至超过曼哈顿。

Marc Green

Also, I think every single Parisian hates La Defense and would likely stage a revolt if someone suggested building more towers like it.

另外，我认为每个巴黎人都讨厌拉德芳斯，如果有人建议建造更多类似的塔楼，他们可能会发动叛乱。

（拉德芳斯：是巴黎都会区首要的中心商务区，位于巴黎城西的上塞纳省，邻近塞纳河畔纳伊。其涵盖的市镇包括库尔贝瓦以及皮托和南泰尔的一部分。作为欧洲最完善的商务区，拉德芳斯是法国经济繁荣的象征。）

Brian Williams

I would be happy to cross the Channel to offer my support.

我很乐意跨越海峡来提供我的支持。

Daniel Jenkins

Skyscrapers are usually more office space than residential space. Even in Manhattan, the areas with highest population density have mostly buildings with 6 stories or less. The areas full of skyscrapers usually have lower population density than neighborhoods such as the East Village where the buildings aren’t any taller than in Paris.

摩天大楼通常是办公空间多于住宅空间。即使在曼哈顿，人口密度最高的地区也大多是6层以下的建筑。摩天大楼林立的地区人口密度通常低于东村等街区，那里的建筑物并不比巴黎高。

Anna Sroka

It’s quiet opposite in Chicago. It seems like the office space skyscrapers are things of the past, with so many working remotely these days. Old office buildings are being converted into the condos and all new constructions are residential.

这和芝加哥倒是不太一样。办公空间的摩天大楼似乎已成为过去，如今有如此多的人远程工作。旧办公楼正在改建为公寓，所有新建筑都是住宅。

Raul Camacho

In Colombia it is occurring the opposite. Skyscrapers are being built to lodge families, so there are entire neighborhoods with new high blocks of apartments and usually they are for high class people.

在哥伦比亚，情况正好相反。摩天大楼的建造是为了安置家庭，因此有些社区整个都是高层公寓，通常是为上层人士提供的。

Harry Mandel

Actually this is starting to happen in Manhattan too, a lot of the new and ugly “tall pencil” buildings are that

其实这种情况在曼哈顿也开始发生了，很多新的、丑陋的"长铅笔"建筑就是这样

Martin Gee

Horizontal skyscraper?

水平的摩天大楼？

Guillaume Nico

More or less. The key thing is that Haussmanian buildings allow to exploit almost every square meter of land in a bloc (you just need courtyards to let the light and air flow in the middle of a bloc). Besides, limited height allows to save stairways / elevators space inside the building.

差不多吧。最关键的是，豪斯曼式的建筑几乎可以利用区块内的每一平方米的土地（你只需要在区块中间有个庭院，让光线和空气流通）。此外，有限的高度可以节省建筑物内的楼梯/电梯空间。

Jason Faulkner

Also, Paris sits on a a honeycomb of limestone that has been slowly excavated one cubic meter at a time for centuries for shelter, tombs, building material, etc. Under the surface, it’s essentially a giant man-made ant colony.

此外，巴黎坐落在一个蜂窝状的石灰石上，几个世纪以来，这些石灰石被一立方米一立方米地慢慢挖掘出来，用于建造住所、坟墓和建筑材料等。在表面之下，它基本上是一个巨大的人造蚁窝。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Dániel Horváth

That complex seems very claustrophobic.

As I’ve heard New York is loosing its pop density nowadays.

In Budapest they are building the city’s. first skyscraper. Most people against it

那个建筑群看起来非常幽闭。

我听说纽约现在的人口密度正在下降。

在布达佩斯，他们正在建造城市的第一座摩天大楼。大多数人表示反对

Teddy Ritz

New York City gained 600,000 people in the 2020 census

Manhattan’s population actually peaked in 1910, so it is less dense now - as the population spread out over Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx

在2020年的人口普查中，纽约市增加了60万人口

曼哈顿的人口实际上在1910年达到顶峰，所以现在的人口密度较低--因为人口分散在布鲁克林、皇后区和布朗克斯地区

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Benjamin Telford

It looks claustrophobic from the air, but that isn’t how apartments or spaces are felt from the ground. If you stood in one of those tiny light well courtyards it might feel a bit oppressive, but otherwise you are fine.

从空中看是挺幽闭的，但从地面上看公寓或空间则是完全不一样的感觉。如果你站在那些狭小的光井院子里，可能会觉得有点压抑，但除此之外，你不会有什么问题。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

C.S

The French are a proud people who do not view their country as a culture-less void hence they do not want to be flooded by cheap Americanised designs.

French architecture is an amalgamation of many ancient civilisations such as the ancient Greeks, Romans ect. It draws inspiration from the French renaissance and gothic movements. There is a lot of thought that went into these buildings which would be washed away with fast constructed sky scrapers.

法国人是一个骄傲的民族，他们不认为自己的国家是一个没有文化的空白，因此他们不希望被廉价的美国化设计所淹没。

法国建筑是许多古老文明的综合体，如古希腊、古罗马等。它从法国文艺复兴和哥特式运动中获得了灵感。这些建筑有很多的想法，而这些想法会被快速建造的摩天大楼冲走。

Jason Freeland

Duly noted - but a lot of thought goes into “American skyscrapers” and cities as well, the priorities are just different and therefore the outcomes are as well. That said, I much prefer Singapore’s approach to tall buildings over most of the U.S. approach.

我注意到了--但"美国的摩天大楼"和城市也有很多想法，只是优先事项不同，因此结果也不同。话虽如此，我更喜欢新加坡对高楼的做法，而不是美国的大多数做法。

Pierre Bouzin

Skyscrapers mostly developed during 60’s and 70’s. There are some in Paris, mostly in the “front de seine” district just south of the Eiffel tower, and in the 13th district. Those buildings are mostly residential. They offer very nice views, but they are not very beautiful from the outside. They don’t have the charm of late 19th century buildings that people like in Paris.

Also, fire regulation requirements are very high in France. Many fire systems have to be built and properly maintained, and you have to pay an onsite skilled fire service 24/7 (costs hundreds of thousand euros per year per building).

There is a quite a strong opposition to tower buildings in France, so there aren’t many new projects. Some new skyscrapers were recently built near quai d’Ivry, and a big office building is being built at Porte de Versailles (tour Triangle). Maybe a new era for skyscrapers, with much attention paid to design and energy consumption.

摩天大楼大多在60年代和70年代发展起来。在巴黎有一些，主要是在埃菲尔铁塔以南的"上塞纳河"区，以及第13区。这些建筑大多是住宅。它们提供了非常好的景观，但从外面看并不是非常漂亮。它们没有巴黎人喜欢的19世纪末建筑的魅力。

另外，法国的消防法规要求非常高。必须建造和妥善维护许多消防系统，并且你必须支付 24/7 全天候现场熟练消防服务费用（每栋建筑每年花费数十万欧元）。

在法国，人们对塔式建筑有相当强烈的反对，所以新项目不多。最近，一些新的摩天大楼在伊夫里区附近建成，在凡尔赛门正在建造一个大型的办公大楼。也许这是一个摩天大楼的新时代，非常注重设计和能源消耗。

Maude Coulombe

There is another reason. Paris was built with stones fron it’s caves underground. So buildings too tall would be too heavy and would collapse because of the caves under the streets.

还有另一个原因。巴黎是用地下洞穴里的石头建造的。所以建筑物太高会太重，会因为街道下的洞穴而倒塌。

Joel Reid

Most people would not pay attention to the fact that due to the age of the buildings they were designed based upon natural lighting. Electricity was not common at the time and thus every apartment needed a window.

大多数人不会注意到这样一个事实，即由于建筑的年代，它们是基于自然采光而设计的。当时电力并不常见，因此每个公寓都需要一个窗户。

Kalim Ullah

Yes….They do not have big and tall buildings in most of the tourist visited areas of Paris. But, there are several skyscrapers in La Defense region of Paris (including that only Tower in Montparnasse), where offices of big corporations and conglomerates are located. Tourist usually do not visit those areas.

是的……在巴黎的大部分旅游区，他们都没有高大的建筑物。但是，巴黎的拉德芳斯区有几座摩天大楼（包括蒙帕纳斯唯一的那座塔），大公司和企业集团的办公室都在那里。游客通常不会去那些地区。

Frank Grin

Before Haussmann Paris was a dirty city with small filthy narrow roads with gutter right in the middle. Circulation was uneasy and diseases where spreading fast. The work of Haussmann was to open and modernize the city. The big Avenues and Boulevard have been drawn on paper mostly regardless of what was on the ground. Then on site they did cut through the existing. The ““Tour Saint Jacques” in Paris for example is what is left of a former church that has been demolished to open Boulevard Sebastopol and by straightening the Rue de Rivoli. A big and modern sewage system was also constructed under those big roads!

在豪斯曼之前，巴黎是一座肮脏的城市，道路狭窄、肮脏，中间有排水沟。流通不畅，疾病传播迅速。豪斯曼的工作是开阔城市并使之现代化。大街和林荫大道大多是在纸上画出来的，而不管当时地面上有什么。然后在现场他们推倒了现有的东西。例如，巴黎的“圣雅克塔”是一座前教堂的遗迹，该教堂已被拆除以开放塞巴斯托波尔大道并拉直里沃利大街。那些大马路底下还建设了一个庞大而现代化的污水处理系统！