英国目前已经在经历破坏性的气候变化了_风闻

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正文原创翻译：

UK already undergoing disruptive climate change

英国目前已经在经历破坏性的气候变化了

新闻：

The UK is already undergoing disruptive climate change with increased rainfall, sunshine and temperatures, according to scientists.

科学家称，英国目前已经在经历破坏性的气候变化了，降雨量、日照和气温都在增加。

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The year 2020 was the third warmest, fifth wettest and eighth sunniest on record, scientists said in the latest UK State of the Climate report.

科学家在最新的《英国气候状况》报告中表示，2020年是有记录以来第三高温的一年，第五潮湿的一年，第八日照最强的一年。

No other year is in the top 10 on all three criteria.

没有哪一年在这三项指标上都跻身前10名。

The experts said that, in the space of 30 years, the UK has become 0.9C warmer and 6% wetter.

专家们说，在30年的时间里，英国的气温上升了0.9摄氏度，降雨量增加了6%。

The report’s lead author Mike Kendon, climate information scientist at the UK Met Office, told BBC News: “A lot of people think climate change is in the future – but this proves the climate is already changing here in the UK.

该报告的主要作者、英国气象局的气候信息科学家迈克·肯顿告诉BBC新闻：“很多人认为气候变化会发生在未来，但这证明英国的气候现在已经在变化了。”

“As it continues to warm we are going to see more and more extreme weather such as heatwaves and floods.”

“随着天气持续变暖，我们将会看到越来越多的极端天气，比如热浪和洪水。”

The report says the UK has become hotter, sunnier and rainier:

1、2020 was the third warmest UK year since 1884; all the years in the top 10 are since 2002

2、Last year was one of the least snowy on record; any snow mainly affected upland and northern areas

3、Spring 2020 was the UK’s sunniest on record, and sunnier than most UK summers.

4、2020 was the UK’s fifth wettest year; six of the 10 wettest years have been since 1998

报告称，英国变得越来越热，阳光越来越多，雨也越来越多：

1、2020年是英国自1884年以来第三高温的一年；前十名的年份都是2002年以后

2、去年是有记录以来雪下得最少的一年之一。降雪主要影响高地和北部地区

3、2020年春天是英国有记录以来日照最长的一年，比英国以往大多数夏天都阳光充足。

4、2020年是英国第五多雨的年份；10个最潮湿的年份中有6个是在1998年以后

Scientists warn of worse extreme weather if global temperatures rise and politicians fail to curb carbon emissions.

科学家警告说，如果全球气温上升，而政客们不能控制碳排放，将会出现更糟糕的极端天气。

And in a separate report, scientists warned that greenhouse gas levels were already too high “for a manageable future for humanity“.

在另一份报告中，科学家警告称，“对人类的可控未来而言”，温室气体水平已经过高。

Liz Bentley, head of the Royal Meteorological Society, said that even if governments could achieve the challenging outcome of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5C – which looks very unlikely - that would still lead to a 10% increase in the amount of water the air can hold.

英国皇家气象学会会长利兹·本特利表示，即使各国政府能够实现将全球气温上升限制在1.5摄氏度以内这一具有挑战性的结果（这看起来不太可能），也仍将导致空气中可容纳的水量增加10%。

“In the UK,” she said, “we are likely to see temperatures of 40C. As we get 1.5C warming, that’ll be something we see on a regular basis.

她说：“在英国，我们可能会看到40摄氏度的气温。当气温上升1.5摄氏度时，这将是我们经常看到的情况。

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“People don’t realise that even a small temperature rise of 0.1 or 0.2 degrees overall can make a huge difference – especially in the frequency and intensity of extreme events.

“人们没有意识到，整体气温即使只上升0.1或0.2度，也会产生巨大的差异——尤其是在极端事件的频率和强度方面。

“We had roads melting last year, rails start to buckle, electric cabling starts to buckle. We often say we’d like a climate like the Med, but people were soon complaining they were too hot - not just in the day but especially at night.

“去年，我们的（柏油）道路开始融化，铁轨开始变形，电缆开始弯曲。我们经常说我们想要一个像地中海那样的气候，但很快人们就抱怨那里太热了——不仅是白天，尤其是晚上。

“It often takes a massive high-impact event to change attitudes to the climate – so let’s hope what’s been happening recently with extreme weather will raise the will to tackle the problem.”

“改变人们对气候的态度往往需要一个巨大的、具有重大影响的事件——所以让我们希望最近发生的极端天气能提高人们解决这个问题的意愿。”

The State of the Climate report also indicates that plants are responding to the changes in climate. Leaves appeared on average 10.4 days earlier than the 1999-2019 baseline for a range of common shrub and tree species.

《英国气候状况》还指出，植物对气候变化做出了反应。一些普通灌木和乔木物种的叶子平均比1999-2019年的日期基线早10.4天出现。

While the signs of spring got earlier, so did the indications of autumn - trees in 2020 went bare on average 4.3 days earlier than the baseline.

虽然春天的迹象提前了，但秋天的迹象也提早了——2020年的树木秃顶比日期基线平均早了4.3天。

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The report also said that, while substantial snow fell in 2018, 2013, 2010 and 2009, the number and severity of such weather events have declined since the 1960s.

该报告还表示，尽管2018年、2013年、2010年和2009年有大量降雪，但自上世纪60年代以来，此类天气事件的数量和严重程度都有所下降。

Sir James Bevan, the head of the Environment Agency, said there were more than five million homes at risk of flooding in England - and “that risk is rising as the climate changes”.

英国环境署署长詹姆斯·贝文爵士表示，英国有超过500万户家庭面临洪水风险，而且“随着气候变化，这种风险正在上升”。

“We can’t remove the risk but we can reduce it,” he told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme.

他在BBC广播4台的《今日》节目中说：“我们无法消除风险，但可以降低风险。”

He said the EA’s thinking needed to change faster than the climate, and its new strategy was not only about preventing floods, but also making communities more resilient to flooding when it does happen so that it does less damage.

他说，英国环境署署长的想法需要比气候变化更快地改变，它的新策略不仅是防止洪水，而且还要让社区在洪水发生时能更有韧性，从而减少损失。

And Sir James said the government has made its biggest investment yet in flood defences, with £5.2bn of funding to be spent on building 2,000 new flood defence schemes over the next six years.

詹姆斯爵士表示，政府在洪水防御方面进行了迄今为止最大的投资，将在未来6年内斥资52亿英镑建设2000个新的洪水防御计划。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Meanwhile, a new paper from the Climate Crisis Advisory Group, founded by the former UK chief scientist Prof Sir David King, asks whether rapid heating in the Arctic region is driving changes in the jet stream in a way that influenced the recent weather extremes.

与此同时，由前英国首席科学家大卫·金爵士创立的气候危机咨询小组的一篇新论文质疑，北极地区的快速变暖是否正在推动急流的变化，从而影响最近的极端天气。

The jet stream is a core of strong winds travelling west to east about five to seven miles above the Earth.

急流是在地球上空大约5到7英里由西向东移动的强风的核心。

The new paper said: “We are simultaneously witnessing weather disaster in Germany, the highest temperatures for June in Finland and the US, the catastrophic heatwave in British Columbia, and extreme heat in Siberia.

这份新报告说：“我们同时目睹了德国的天气灾难，芬兰和美国6月份的最高气温，不列颠哥伦比亚省的灾难性热浪，以及西伯利亚的极端高温。”

“These are all outlier events that exceed what one would expect if it were ‘only’ a 1.2C warming impact (that’s the amount the Earth has already warmed since pre-industrial times).

“这些都是超出了人们预期的异常事件，如果这‘才只是’变暖1.2摄氏度（这是自前工业时代以来地球已经变暖的幅度）的影响的话。

“Greenhouse gas levels are already too high for a manageable future for humanity.”

The paper, which has not been peer-reviewed, urges governments to start removing greenhouse gases at scale from the atmosphere.

“对人类来说，温室气体水平已经太高了，高到了无法实现可控的未来。”这篇还没有经过同行评审的论文，敦促各国政府开始大规模地从大气中去除温室气体。