美国2021财年国防授权法案，要求开展核战对环境潜在影响的独立研究_风闻

熊猫儿-2021-03-14 19:19

2021-03-14

https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/6395/text

H.R.6395 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

Subtitle H--Other Matters

SEC. 3171. INDEPENDENT STUDY ON POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF

NUCLEAR WAR.

(a) Study.--The Administrator for Nuclear Security, in consultation

with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National

Intelligence, shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National

Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under which the

National Academies conduct a study on the environmental effects of

nuclear war.

(b) Matters Included.--The study under subsection (a) shall include

the following:

(1) An evaluation of the non-fallout atmospheric effects of

plausible scenarios for nuclear war, ranging from low-quantity

regional exchanges to large-scale exchanges between major powers.

(2) An examination of the effects evaluated under paragraph (1)

by--

(A) the yield, type, and number of nuclear weapons;

(B) the types and locations of targets;

(D) the atmospheric conditions; and

(E) other factors that may have a significant impact on the

effects.

(3) An assessment of current models of nuclear explosions,

including with respect to--

(A) the fires such explosions may cause;

(B) the atmospheric transport of the gases from such

explosions;

(D) the soot and other debris from such fires and

explosions and the atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine

consequences of such effects, including with respect to changes

in weather patterns, airborne particulate concentrations,

stratospheric ozone, agriculture, and long-term regional

ecosystem viability.

(4) Identification of the capabilities and limitations of the

models described in paragraph (3) for assessing the environmental

effects of nuclear war, including--

(A) an evaluation of the relevant uncertainties;

(B) a highlight of the key data gaps; and

better inform decision making.

(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the

enactment of this Act, the National Academies shall submit to the

Administrator, the Secretary, the Director, and the congressional

defense committees a report on the study under subsection (a).

(2) Form.--The report under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in

unclassified form but may include a classified annex.

(d) Provision of Information.--

(1) Secretary of defense.--The Secretary shall provide to the

National Academies such information of the Department of Defense as

is necessary for the National Academies to conduct the study under

subsection (a), including information relating to relevant

scenarios described in subsection (b).

(2) Director of national intelligence.--The Director shall

provide to the National Academies such information on foreign

adversary capabilities as is necessary for the National Academies

to conduct the study under subsection (a), including information

relating to relevant scenarios described in subsection (b).

简单机翻：

（a）研究-核安全局局长，经协商

与国防部长和国家情报局局长的关系，应寻求与美国国家科学，工程和医学研究院达成协议，根据该协议，美国国家研究院应对核战争的环境影响进行研究。

（b）所包括的事项-根据（a）项进行的研究应包括

以下：

（1）对核战争的合理情景的无辐射大气影响进行评估，范围从低数量的区域交流到大国之间的大规模交流。

（2）检查根据第（1）款评估的效果

经过 -

（A）核武器的产量，类型和数量；

（B）目标的类型和位置；

（三）爆炸的时间分布；

（四）大气条件；和

（E）可能对效果产生重大影响的其他因素。

（3）对当前核爆炸模型的评估，

包括就-

（A）这种爆炸可能引起的火灾；

（B）爆炸产生的气体在大气中的运输；

（C）爆炸产生的放射性物质；和

（D）此类火灾和爆炸产生的烟尘和其他碎片，以及这种效应对大气，陆地和海洋造成的后果，包括气候模式，空气中颗粒物浓度，平流层臭氧，农业和长期区域共生系统的变化可行性。

（4）确定第（3）款所述模型的能力和局限性，以评估核战争对环境的影响，包括-

（A）有关不确定性的评估；

（B）关键数据空白的突出显示；和

（C）有关如何改进此类模型的建议更好地指导决策。

（c）报告-

（1）一般而言-国家科学院应在本法颁布之日后的18个月内，向行政长官，秘书，局长和国会防务委员会提交根据本款规定进行的研究报告（一种）。

（2）表格-根据第（1）款提交的报告应以未分类的形式提交，但可以包括分类的附件。

（d）提供信息-

（1）国防部长-秘书应向国家科学院提供国家科学院根据（a）款进行研究所需的国防部信息，包括与小节中所述的有关情景有关的信息（b）。

（2）国家情报局局长-局长应向国家研究院提供国家研究院根据（a）款进行研究所需的有关外国对抗能力的信息，包括与本节所述的有关情况有关的信息（b）。