为什么造船业如此集中在韩国？_风闻

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Sang Yoon Hwang

Actually, its fairly small part of entire South Korean economy. Korean economy is mainly concentrated with R&D, semiconductor, car production and other more advanced manufacturing. Korean shipbuilding was under threat about 10 years ago by China actually but rebounded since 2010. They could not compete with China’s cost as Korean wage for shipbuilders was no longer any lower than Japanese or European counterparts All Things Considered, Koreans Earn More than Japanese. After 2010, Korea really pushed forward to produce more high-end ships like cruise ships or LNG and they reclaimed no.1 title as the biggest shipbuilders. But still, this doesn’t mean the shipbuilding economy in South Korea is generally improved - more so that global demand for shipbuilding has gone down and relatively speaking South Korea re-claimed no.1 position again. Not only that, Korean shipbuilding is focused on automation which further reduces total cost of labor. - robots produce most of the parts in ship these days. In comparison, I read a news that Chinese shipbuilders were almost always delayed and provided the ships with very poor quality & design which made South Korean ships stand out more in comparison - Qatar ordered enormous amount of ships from South Korea this year. Qatar Petroleum’s $19 billion LNG vessel order boon for South Korean shipbuilders

实际上，它只占整个韩国经济的一小部分。韩国经济主要集中在研发、半导体、汽车生产等较先进的制造业。大约10年前，韩国造船业曾受到中国的威胁，但自2010年以来实际上有所反弹。他们无法与中国的成本竞争，因为韩国造船商的工资不再低于日本或欧洲同行。2010年以后，韩国真正推动了生产更多的高端船舶，如游轮或液化天然气，他们重新夺回了最大造船商的头衔。不过，这并不意味着韩国的造船经济总体上有所改善——更重要的是，全球造船需求有所下降，然而，韩国重新夺回了头把交椅。不仅如此，韩国造船业还专注于自动化，这进一步降低了劳动力的总成本。-现在船上大部分零件都是由机器人生产的。相比之下，我读到一则消息称，中国造船商几乎总是造船延误，而且船只的质量和设计非常糟糕，这使得韩国船只在比较中更加突出——卡塔尔今年从韩国订购了大量船只。卡塔尔石油公司向韩国制造商订购价值190亿美元的液化天然气船 0

And, what many people don’t realize is that Hyundai is really big on shipbuilding (yes, its revenue is comparable to Hyundai Motors). Some people might think that Korea just started shipbuilding out of nowhere but no, they were very serious in shipbuilding since 1970s. But since shipbuilding is very labor-intensive and low on ROI, I feel like they will eventually be surpassed by China in near future.

而且，许多人没有意识到的是，现代汽车在造船方面真的很强大(是的，它的收入可以与现代汽车相媲美)。有些人可能会认为韩国是无缘无故地发展造船业的，但事实并非如此，他们自上世纪70年代以来就非常重视造船业。但是，由于造船业是劳动密集型的，投资回报率很低，我觉得在不久的将来，它们最终会被中国超越。 0

Many responders mentioned that European shipbuilding is in decline mainly due to high wage but no, I feel like this is just an excuse. South Korean or Japanese wage is not any lower than French or UK workers when it comes to shipbuilding but they are still more thriving in this field than European counterparts. If so, why Greeks no longer belong to top 3 in shipbuilding anymore? Not only that, I think Europeans shipbuilders are too relaxed - they usually earn revenue from getting royalty payment but really, they can’t just rely on collecting easy money. Their decline is mainly due to the fact that they lost edge in technological sectors (except for Germany) nothing more than that.

许多人提到，欧洲造船业的衰落主要是由于高工资，实际不是，我觉得这只是一个借口。就造船业而言，韩国或日本的工资并不低于法国或英国的工人，但与欧洲同行相比，他们在这一领域仍然更为繁荣。如果是这样的话，为什么希腊人不再是造船业的前三名了呢？不仅如此，我认为欧洲造船商们过于放松了——他们通常从获得授权中获得收入，但实际上，他们不能仅仅依赖于这样轻松获得的收入。它们的衰落主要是因为它们在技术领域(除了德国)失去了优势，仅此而已。 0

Im Yang Gyoon

Why is shipbuilding so concentrated in South Korea?Korea is popular when all shipping companies in the world make ships because its shipbuilding technology is superior to that of Japan and China.It is also important to design ships to be strong and safe in this shipbuilding technology.The strength of the steel that makes this ship is also important.Especially in Japan, In this country, a large steel company falsely prepared a test report on the strength of steel, causing problems around the world.Also, in China, ships that left the port after being built stopped at sea were closed.

为什么造船业如此集中在韩国？由于韩国的造船技术优于日本和中国，因此当世界上所有的航运公司都在造船时，韩国很受欢迎。在这种造船技术中，船舶的强度设计和安全设计也很重要。制造这艘船的钢材的强度也很重要。特别是在日本，在这个国家，一家大型钢铁公司伪造了一份关于钢材强度的测试报告，在全世界造成了问题。此外，在中国，建成后离开港口的船只却停在了近海上。 0

In addition, LNG carriers have a delivery deadline of more than a year, but they are not delivered and may not know when the ship will be delivered to the ordering company.In Korea, there are three large-scale shipyards -- Hyundai, Daewoo and Samsung -- that can build more than a few hundred thousand tons of ships, and many smaller ones that can build tens of thousands of tons of ships.In the case of Korean ships, there have been about three clashes with warships from advanced countries, with less damage to ships manufactured in Korea and the strength of advanced ships proved to be strong due to the fact that ships from advanced countries were destroyed or eroded.

此外，液化天然气运输船的交货期限超过了一年，但它们没有交货，而且不知道船舶何时将交货给订货公司。在韩国，有三家大型造船厂——现代、大宇和三星——可以建造超过几十万吨的船舶，还有许多较小的造船厂可以建造数万吨的船舶。就韩国船只而言，它们与发达国家的军舰发生了约三次冲突，对韩国制造的船只造成的损害较小，而且由于发达国家的船只遭到摧毁，事实证明，先进船只的实力很强。 0

Paresh Terse

One report I came across on NY TV, don’t recollect on details.

我在纽约电视上看到一个报道，不记得细节了。