网友讨论：历史上首次两名女性联合获得诺贝尔化学奖_风闻

【来源龙腾网】

正文原创翻译：

Two women jointly win Nobel Prize for chemistry for first time in history

历史上首次两名女性联合获得诺贝尔化学奖

The award increases the number of women who have won a Nobel Prize in this category from five to seven.

该奖项使获得诺贝尔奖的女性人数从5人增加到7人。

Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier and Professor Jennifer Doudna have won the 2020 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work developing a method for genome editing.

Emmanuelle Charpentier教授和Jennifer Doudna教授因开发出一种基因组编辑方法而获得2020年诺贝尔化学奖。

The award takes the number of women who have ever won the Nobel Prize in chemistry from five to seven.

该奖项将获得诺贝尔化学奖的女性人数从5人增加到7人。

Both scientists will equally share 10 million Swedish kronor (£866,000) for their discovery of “one of gene technology’s sharpest tools” - the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique, or “genetic scissors” as the committee described it.

两位科学家将平分1000万瑞典克朗(约合86.6万英镑)，以表彰他们发现的“基因技术最先进的工具之一”CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术，或者被委员会称为“基因剪刀”。

“Using these [scissors], researchers can change the DNA of animals, plants and microorganisms with extremely high precision,” said the Nobel committee.

“使用这些“剪刀”，研究人员可以以极高的精确度改变动物、植物和微生物的DNA，”诺贝尔委员会说。

“This technology has had a revolutionary impact on the life sciences, is contributing to new cancer therapies and may make the dream of curing inherited diseases come true.”

“这项技术对生命科学产生了革命性的影响，正在为新的癌症疗法做出贡献，并可能使治愈遗传疾病的梦想成为现实。”

It is the first time the Nobel Prize for chemistry has been awarded to two women in the same year in its 119-year history.

这是诺贝尔化学奖在其119年的历史上首次在同一年授予两位女性。

The genome editing technique they developed is based on creating proteins which match the DNA code where a “cut” is going to be made.

他们开发的基因组编辑技术是基于创造蛋白质来匹配将要进行“切割”的DNA代码。

This effectively allows researchers to insert, repair or edit a gene in such a way that the DNA doesn’t see the change as damage, but as a legitimate edit to be replicated by the cell.

这有效地允许研究人员插入、修复或编辑一个基因，使DNA不会将这种变化视为损伤，而是作为一个可由单元格复制的合法编辑。

“There is enormous power in this genetic tool, which affects us all,” said Claes Gustafsson, chair of the Nobel Committee for chemistry.

诺贝尔化学委员会主席克拉斯·古斯塔夫松(Claes Gustafsson)表示:“这种基因工具具有巨大的力量，它影响着我们所有人。”

“It has not only revolutionised basic science, but also resulted in innovative crops and will lead to ground-breaking new medical treatments,”

“它不仅彻底改变了基础科学，还带来了创新作物，并将导致突破性的新医学疗法，”

The discovery was described as an unexpected result of Professor Charpentier studying the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes.

这一发现被描述为Charpentier教授正在研究化脓性链球菌的一个意外结果。

She discovered a previously unknown molecule, tracrRNA, in the bacteria and found that this molecule was part of an ancient immune system, CRISPR/Cas, that disarms viruses by cleaving their DNA.

她在细菌中发现了一种以前不为人知的分子，tracrRNA，并发现这种分子是一种古老的免疫系统CRISPR/Cas的一部分，它通过分裂病毒的DNA来解除病毒的武装。

“Charpentier published her discovery in 2011. The same year, she initiated a collaboration with Jennifer Doudna, an experienced biochemist with vast knowledge of RNA,” the committee reported.

委员会报告称：Charpentier在2011年发表了她的发现。同年，她开始与詹妮弗·杜德纳(Jennifer Doudna)合作，杜德纳是一位经验丰富的生物化学家，对RNA有丰富的知识。

“Together, they succeeded in recreating the bacteria’s genetic scissors in a test tube and simplifying the scissors’ molecular components so they were easier to use,” it added.

“在一起，他们成功地在试管中再造了细菌的基因剪刀，并简化了剪刀的分子成分，使它们更容易使用，”文章补充道。

“In an epoch-making experiment, they then reprogrammed the genetic scissors.

在一个划时代的实验中，他们对基因剪刀重新编程。

“In their natural form, the scissors recognise DNA from viruses, but Charpentier and Doudna proved that they could be controlled so that they can cut any DNA molecule at a predetermined site.

在它们的自然形态下，剪刀可以从病毒中识别DNA，但是Charpentier和Doudna证明了它们是可以被控制的，因此它们可以在一个预定的位置切断任何DNA分子。

“Where the DNA is cut it is then easy to rewrite the code of life,” the Nobel committee added.

诺贝尔委员会补充说:“DNA被切断的地方就很容易改写生命密码。”

Since the scientists discovered these genetic scissors in 2012, the tool has contributed to an enormous range of research, including developing crops that can withstand mould, pests and drought.

自从科学家在2012年发现这些基因剪刀后，这一工具对广泛的研究做出了贡献，包括培育能够抵御霉菌、害虫和干旱的作物。

In medicine, clinical trials of new cancer therapies are under way, and the dream of being able to “cure inherited diseases is about to come true” the citation concluded.

在医学方面，新的癌症疗法的临床试验正在进行中，而能够“治愈遗传疾病的梦想即将成为现实”。