大国担当的象征，中国发布维和30年《白皮书》_风闻

作者：兰顺正

首发自：CGTN

今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年，是联合国成立75周年，是中国军队参加联合国维和行动30周年。9月18日国务院新闻办发布《中国军队参加联合国维和行动30年》白皮书，对中国这些年来的维和行动做出了详细的描述和总结。

维和行动是联合国维持和平行动的简称，是由联合国实施的旨在帮助维持或恢复冲突地区和平与安全，由军事人员参加但没有强制力的一种行动。维和部队是根据有关联合国决议建立的一支跨国界的特殊部队，最早成立于1956年苏伊士运河危机之际，因为统一着蓝色盔帽或蓝色贝雷帽，所以亦称“蓝盔”部队，总司令是联合国秘书长。部队的人员由联合国成员国自愿提供，其职责是阻止局部冲突扩大化，或防止冲突再起，并帮助在战争中受害的平民百姓，为最终政治解决冲突创造条件。1990年中国派出5名军事观察员赴联合国停战监督组织，从此中国正式加入联合国维和行动，至今中国已是联合国安理会常任理事国中第一大维和出兵国和第二大维和出资国。

据不完全统计，30 年来中国军队先后参加25项联合国维和行动，累计派出维和军事人员 4 万多人次，累计在全球新建、修复道路1.6万余公里，排除地雷及各类未爆弹9800余枚，接诊病患超过20万人次，运送各类物资器材135万吨，运输总里程达1300万公里，先后有16名中国军人牺牲在异国他乡的土地上。目前在南苏丹、马里、黎巴嫩、达尔富尔、西撒哈拉等多个地区和组织，仍有2500多名中国军人守护在自己岗位上，为世界的和平做着贡献。

无疑，中国参与联合国维和行动对于维护国际安全、实现国家利益、促进军队建设具有重要的意义。

首先，随着综合国力日益增强，中国正逐步靠近世界舞台的中心，这就要求中国逐步承担更大的国际责任，参与更多的国际事务。而维和行动是联合国维持国际和平与安全的有效工具，作为安理会常任理事国，中国根据联合国的请求和要求，及时出兵出警，按时足额出资，承担应尽的义务，体现了大国责任。不仅如此，中国通过设立中国——联合国和平发展基金、加入联合国维和待命机制、为各国培训维和人员，更彰显了中国的大国担当。

其次，中国通过深度参与维和事务，进一步增进了与其他国家的相互了解和信任，提升了中国在国际和地区安全事务中的影响力。2015 年 9 月，习近平主席在联合国成立70周年大会上提出的“人类命运共同体”倡议理念，恰恰与“为和平而生、为和平而存”的联合国维和行动理念相互契合。维和行动为宣传和构建“人类命运共同体”提供了极佳的平台，后者又为前者提供了更为丰富的手段和方案。因此，作为联合国维持国际和平与安全的重点工作，积极参与维和行动有利于把中国在维和行动中的贡献和力量转化在国际和地区安全事务中的话语权和影响力。

另外，参与维和行动是中国多边外交和军事外交的重要内容。一直以来，一些敌对势力着力抹黑、丑化、歪曲中国军队和中国军人形象，导致“中国军事威胁论”甚嚣尘上，让部分国外民众和友好国家对中国军队产生了不同程度的误解。参加维和行动，主动发声把中国军队和中国军人的良好形象传播出去，则用实际行动证明了“中国军队是维护世界和平与稳定的坚实力量”。同时，在全球化的时代，无数的中国企业和资本也在走出国门，走向世界，因此如何保障中国的海外利益不受侵害也成为了一个必须面对的问题。在这种情况下中国军队“走出去”，也是应对新时代“大变局”，维护国家海外利益的必然选择。参与联合国维和行动一方面可以帮助我军“走出去”时更具有合法性、长期性和系统性。另一方面通过参加维和行动，完成不同类型的维和任务，可以全面提升我军维和能力以及国际交流和协调合作能力，并与外军形成建设性和务实性的新型军事关系。

明显的是，今后中国将在维和领域继续做出自己的贡献。正如此次《白皮书》所言：中国军队将一如既往支持联合国维和行动，履行守护和平的庄严承诺，给冲突地区带去更多信心，让当地人民看到更大希望。中国愿同所有爱好和平的国家一道，坚定捍卫和践行多边主义，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，坚定维护以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为基石的国际关系基本准则，推动构建人类命运共同体，携手建设更加美好的世界。

（以下为英文原文）

Why China should and will continue to participate in peacekeeping

Chinese soldiers involved in peacekeeping operations performs a patrol mission in Juba, the capital of South Sudan, September 11, 2019. /Xinhua

***Editor’s note:*Lan Shunzheng is a research fellow at Charhar Institute and a member of the Chinese Institute of Command and Control. The article reflects the author’s opinions, and not necessarily the views of CGTN.

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, the 75th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations and the 30th anniversary of the Chinese military’s participation in UN peacekeeping operations.

On September 18, the State Council Information Office released a white paper titled “China’s Military Has Participated in UN Peacekeeping Operations for 30 years,” which gives a detailed description and a summary of China’s peacekeeping operations over the years.

Peacekeeping operations, short for United Nations peacekeeping operations, are operations carried out by the United Nations to help maintain or restore peace and security in conflict areas, involving military personnel but without coercive force.

Peacekeeping force is a special cross-border force established in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions. It was first established in 1956 during the Suez Canal crisis. It is also known as the “blue helmet” force. The force is voluntarily provided by United Nations Member States to prevent the escalation of local conflicts or their recurrence and to help civilians who have been victims of war to create conditions for an eventual political settlement. In 1990, China sent five military observers to the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO). Since then, China has formally joined UN peacekeeping operations. Today, China is the largest contributor of troops and the second largest contributor of peacekeeping funds among the permanent members of the UN Security Council.

There is no doubt that China’s participation in UN peacekeeping operations is of great significance to maintaining international security, realizing national interests and promoting military construction.

First of all, with the increasing strength of its comprehensive national strength, China is gradually approaching the center of the world stage, which requires China to gradually assume greater international responsibilities and participate in more international affairs. Peacekeeping operations are an effective tool for the UN to maintain international peace and security.

China’s State Council Information Office released a white paper on the participation of the country’s armed forces in the United Nations peacekeeping operations on September 18, 2020.

As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China sends troops and police in a timely manner, makes contributions in full and on time, and fulfills its due obligations in accordance with the UN’s requests and requirements, which reflects the responsibilities of a major country. Moreover, China has demonstrated its responsibility as a major country by setting up the China-UN Peace and Development Fund, joining the UN peacekeeping standby mechanism and training peacekeepers from other countries.

Second, China’s active participation in peacekeeping affairs has further enhanced mutual understanding and trust with other countries and enhanced China’s influence in international and regional security affairs.

In September 2015, President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of “a community with a shared future for mankind” at the 70th anniversary of the UN. This concept fits well with the UN peacekeeping mission concept of “living for peace.” Peacekeeping operations provide an excellent platform for promoting and building a “community with a shared future for mankind.” Therefore, as the key work of the United Nations in maintaining international peace and security, China’s participation in peacekeeping operations is conducive to transforming China’s contribution and strength in peacekeeping operations into a voice and influence in international and regional security affairs.

In addition, it is an important part of China’s multilateral and military diplomacy. For a long time, some hostile forces have been trying to smear, vilify and distort the image of the Chinese military and its soldiers, resulting in the rampant spread of the “China’s military threat theory” and causing varying degrees of misunderstanding about the Chinese military by some foreign people and friendly countries.

By participating in peacekeeping operations and taking the initiative to spread the good image of the Chinese military and its soldiers, it proves with practical actions that “the Chinese military is a solid force for safeguarding world peace and stability.” At the same time, in the era of globalization, Chinese enterprises and capital are also going abroad to the world, so how to protect China’s overseas interests from infringement has become a problem that must be addressed.

Under such circumstances, the “going out” of the Chinese military is also an inevitable choice to cope with the “great changes” in the new era and safeguard the country’s overseas interests. Participating in UN peacekeeping operations, on the one hand, can help our military “go out” and engage in world affairs.

On the other hand, by participating in peacekeeping operations and completing different types of peacekeeping missions, China’s peacekeeping capabilities, as well as international exchanges and coordination and cooperation, can be comprehensively enhanced, and a new type of constructive and practical military relations with foreign forces can be formed.

It is clear that China will continue to make its own contribution to peacekeeping in the future. As stated in the White Paper, the Chinese military will continue to support UN peacekeeping operations, fulfill its commitment to safeguarding peace, and bring more confidence to conflict zones and greater hope to local people. China is ready to work with all peace-loving countries to firmly uphold and practice multilateralism, uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, and uphold the basic norms governing international relations with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter as the cornerstone.