为自己发展太空武力找借口，美国污蔑中国欲控制太空_风闻
钢铁沧澜-2020-07-07 10:50
作者：兰顺正
首发自：CGTN
毫无疑问，美方所言是又一轮的太空版“中国威胁论”。众所周知，美国自己是目前在外太空军事化方面步子迈的最大的国家。不仅拥有数量最多的太空资源，而且长久以来通过对于太空军事利用在各种冲突中占尽了优势。但是美国对此并不满意，企图独霸太空。尤其在特朗普上任后，在航天邻域推动了一系列的改革，2019年12月20日，特朗普在马里兰州安德鲁斯美军基地签署《2020财年国防授权法案》，标志着人类历史上第一支天军的诞生。
美国认为，近年来中俄等国太空能力的快速发展会威胁到其“一家独大”的地位。而中国作为航天界的后起之秀，这些年所取得的成果邻人瞩目。目前，中国在轨卫星的数量仅次于美国，在5月5日中国成功发射了长征5B火箭，而随着“北斗”全球组网的完成，美国的GPS将会迎来有力的竞争者，这一切都让美国感到如芒在背。
现在的美国几乎到了“每逢太空，必提中国”的地步。因为在美国看来，在外空邻域给中国扣上“帽子”符合自身的利益。一方面，将中国塑造成太空中的假想敌并夸大威胁，可为自身的太空军事发展争取更多的拨款以及合理性。另一方面，还可以迷惑国际社会，误导不明真相者，引发其他国家一同攻击中国的太空政策，利用道德绑架和孤立来阻挠中国发展自身的太空力量。就在不久前，据美国《防务新闻》报道，五角大楼提出了一项新的国防太空战略，要求在面对俄罗斯和中国不断提升的太空行动能力时，始终保持美国在太空中的军事优势。这也是特朗普2019年12月宣布成立新的太空军后公布的第一份战略文件。该战略提出了未来“保持战略优势、整合作战能力、确保太空稳定”等三大目标，以及为实现目标需要做到的“打造太空全面军事优势”、“将太空纳入国家联合作战”、“改变战略环境、与盟友、伙伴、行业及美国其他政府部门和机构合作”等四项行动方针。有分析指出，该战略进一步反映出未来美军会把太空领域作为一个认真备战的方向，而不仅仅是其他战场的辅助。在该战略中，美国还是不忘把矛头对准中俄，文件称：“发展、测试和部署太空对抗能力的中国和俄罗斯构成了最大战略威胁”，“中国和俄罗斯都已将太空武器化，因此降低美国及其盟友的军事效能，挑战我们的太空行动自由”。
此次，美方在文章中不但说得更加露骨，而且还把自己打造成了受害者。文中称，在大国竞争中太空是新的制高点，美国必须确保并保持在那里的优势。而中国“偏离”国际准则、发展反太空能力的做法，使美国“别无选择”，只能“被迫”采取措施保护自己免受在太空领域的攻击。最后文章点明了主题，那就是“
美国太空部队2021财年的预算要求为154亿美元，是应对尤其是来自中国的新兴威胁的第一步”。言下之意“只要是对付中国，钱就花的值”。
首先，太空武器化会削弱太空军力处于弱势一方的核威慑能力。如一旦战端开始，处于太空军力弱势方的核力量在发射前就会受到强势方太空武器的威胁，而发射后在太空系统的有力情报支援下，强势方反导拦截系统的效率将大为提高，相信在不久的将来太空力量会直接参与反导拦截作战。因此太空武器化将对全球太空弱势国家的核威慑能力产生很大的削弱作用。
其次，太空武器化会对全球太空产业构成威胁。太空武器化的表现之一，就是反卫星技术和能力的发展，进而对在轨运行的航天器构成直接的威胁。在他方的反卫星能力面前，各国的太空产业会成为对方手中握着的“人质”。随着世界各国太空活动的越来越频繁，如果没有相应的措施以应对，相关国家容易在国际博弈中陷入被动。
第三，太空武器化直接影响弱势方国土安全。天基常规对地打击武器对地实施打击,准备时间短,反应速度快,适应未来信息化条件下的一体化联合作战对作战单元进行快速作战的需求。另外天基常规对地打击武器对地实施打击,隐蔽性好,突防能力强。因此太空武器化会直接影响太空弱势方国土安全。
因此，美国在太空中的一意孤行，如果得不到有效的管控，那么很可能破坏国际战略稳定，并引发太空军备竞赛，对此各方应有充分的认识和准备。
（以下为英文原版）
U.S. hides space militarization ambition by accusing China
Lan Shun Zheng
***Editor’s note:*Lan Shunzheng is a research fellow at Charhar Institute and a member of the Chinese Institute of Command and Control. The article reflects the author’s opinions, and not necessarily the views of CGTN.
In June, China launched the 55th Beidou navigation satellite successfully at Xichang Satellite Launch Center, and it was the final geosynchronous orbit satellite of the Beidou Global Navigation Satellite System. The launch marked the establishment of the Beidou Global Navigation Satellite Constellation, six months ahead of schedule.
But on the heels of its final launch was speculation about China’s space ambitions from the West. In a commentary posted on the U.S.-based military website Defense News titled “China wants to dominate space, and the U.S. must take countermeasures”, the author argues that China is determined to replace the United States as the dominant space power.
It said that,while declaring its peaceful intentions, China is still investing heavily in space infrastructure. Therefore, the United States must devote sufficient resources to preparing a new space force to defend national interests and space security.
There is no doubt that the article believes the “China threat theory.“The United States is already a superpower in outer space as it has the largest amount of space resources. But it doesn’t seem satisfied and intends to further monopolize it. Once Trump took office, the government advocated a series of reforms in the space.
On December 20, 2019, President Trump signed the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2020 at Andrews Military Base in Maryland, marking the birth of the first space army in human history.
The U.S. believes that the rapid development of space capabilities by countries such as Russia and China poses a threat to its space supremacy. As a rising power, China’s achievements over the years have been remarkable.
China now has more satellites in orbit than any other country except the United States. On May 5, China successfully launched a Long March 5B rocket. It is in the U.S.’s own interest to deter China in its outer space neighborhood.
On the one hand, it helps to secure more funding and justification for its own military development in space. On the other, it can mislead the international community and provoke other countries to attack China’s space policy.
Not long ago, the Pentagon unveiled a new Defense Space Strategy, which calls for maintaining America’s military superiority in space in the face of Russia’s and China’s growing space capabilities. This was the first space strategy since the U.S. created the space force.
Some analysts say the strategy is a further reflection of a future in which the U.S. military will regard space as a major war arena, and not just as a complement to other battlefields.
Besides, the U.S. still didn’t forget to shift blame on China and Russia for challenging U.S. freedom in space. As it’s put in the document, the development, testing, and deployment of China’s and Russia’s space combat ability will be the biggest strategic threat.
As a result, it is not hard to find that the U.S. will continue to pursue the militarization of space in the name of “China threat” and the weaponization of space.
First, the militarization of space would limit the nuclear deterrent of a weaker space force. For example, once war begins, the nuclear force of the weak side in space will be threatened by the powerful side’s space weapons before the launch
And after the launch, with the intelligence support of the space system, the efficiency of the powerful side’s anti-missile interception system will be greatly improved. It is believed that the space force will directly participate in the anti-missile interception operation in the near future.
Second, the militarization of space poses threats to the global space industry. The development ofanti-satellite technology and capabilities will affect spacecraft in orbit.
In the face of the other side’s anti-satellite capabilities, each country’s space industry will be held hostage by the other. With the increasing frequency of space activities around the world, relevant countries are likely to be passive in the international game if there are no corresponding measures to deal with it.
Third, the militarization of space directly affects the homeland security of vulnerable countries. Space-based conventional strike weapons have a short preparation time and fast response speed, which can meet the requirements of integrated joint operations.
In addition, space-based ground attack weapons are capable of being well concealed and with a high penetration capability. Therefore, the weaponization of space will directly affect the homeland security of the disadvantaged in space.
Therefore, other nations should be alerted of the threats and prepare for a United States that will pursue its own course in space, which may undermine international strategic stability and trigger the arms race in space.