猪猪女孩杰西卡：既生热太阳，何生冷太空？_风闻

【来源龙腾网】

正文原创翻译：

“If the sun is hot how is outer space cold ?”Excellent question, Jacoby Brissett, current quarterback of the Indianapolis Colts.

太阳都那么热了，为何太空还那么冷？

雅各布·布里塞特这个问题问得好，他现在是印第安纳波利斯小马队的四分卫。

It turns out that outer space is full of extreme temperatures.

其实外太空的温度普遍极端

The sun is a ball of gas and fire measuring around 27 million degrees Fahrenheit at its core and 10,000 degrees at its surface.

太阳这个气体火球，其内核温度华氏温度2千7百万度左右，其表面温度华氏温度1万度。

Meanwhile, the cosmic background temperature—that is, the average temperature of outer space—hovers at negative 455 Fahrenheit.

与此同时，宇宙温度即外太空平均温度，华氏455度左右波动。

Heat from the sun travels through the cosmos as radiation, an infrared wave of energy.

太阳热能以红外波辐射的形式在宇宙中穿行。

Those waves excite molecules they come into contact with, causing them to heat up.

红外波辐射派发触及到的分子，使其升温。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：夏目漱口 转载请注明出处

The catch is that radiation only heats molecules and matter that are directly in its path.

问题是，红外波辐射只和在其传播路径上的分子打得火热。

Everything else stays chilly.

别的分子该寂寞，寂寞！该空虚，空虚！该冷，冷！

That’s why the nighttime temperatures on the planet Mercury can be 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit lower than the radiation-exposed day side, according to NASA.

这就是美国国家宇航局采集的数据显示水星夜间温度比有红外波辐射的日间温度低1000华氏度的原因。

Earth’s atmosphere helps to distribute that solar radiation through three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

蓝星地球的大气层通过三种方式分化太阳辐射能：传导、对流和辐射。

When the sun’s radiation hits and warms up molecules in our atmosphere, they pass that extra energy on to the molecules around them.

当太阳辐射照射到并加热我们大气层中的分子时，大气层的分子会将他们的比热容量传递给周围的分子

Those molecules then bump into and heat up their own neighbors.

这些周围的分子又通过互相摩擦碰撞，将热量转化传递给其它分子

This heat transfer from molecule to molecule is called “conduction,” and it’s a chain reaction that warms areas outside of the sun’s path.

这种分子与分子之间的热量传递就是传导了，传导是个连锁反应，会让太阳直射路径以外的地区温度升高。

Space, however, is a vacuum—meaning it’s basically empty.

然而，太空是一个真空环境，顾名思义，空空如也。

Gas molecules in space are too few and far apart to regularly collide with one another.

气体分子空稀，且相距甚远，彼此之间很难有规律的碰撞传导。

So even when the sun heats them up with infrared waves, transferring that heat via conduction isn’t possible.

所以即使经受了太阳光波的照热也很难传导热量

Similarly, convection—a cycle where air gets less dense and rises as it heats up, and then sinks and gets more dense as it cools— is important for dispersing warmth across the Earth. But in the zero-g vacuum of space, it simply can’t happen.

同样，空气对流循环——空气受热密度变小上升，变冷密度增大下降的循环，对分散整个地球的太阳红外光波热能也很重要。但在零重力的真空中，空气对流循环根本不可能发生。

The extreme temperature differentials of space present unique challenges to the missions conducted by space agencies around the world.In April 2019, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe was 15 million miles away from the Sun.

太空中的极端温差给世界各地的航天机构带来了严峻挑战，2019年4月美国国家航空航天局的怕克太阳探测器曾逼近太阳1500万英里之处。

 原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：夏目漱口 转载请注明出处

That’s closer than any other spacecraft in history.

仍需指出载入史册怕克太阳探测器是距离太阳最近的探测器。

The probe’s heat shield protected its internal parts from temperatures around 250 degrees Fahrenheit,while the back side was simultaneously experiencing temperatures of negative 238 degrees Fahrenheit.

怕黑（克）太阳探测器保护其内部零件的热防护罩正面温度高至250度华氏温度，而后方背面的温度低至负238度华氏温度。

Preparing for temperature shifts of hundreds of degrees might sound wild,but it’s just how things are out in space.

要应对几百度的温度变化听起来很夸张，但这就是太空中的空情(多情自古空余恨，此恨绵绵无绝期）。