奇怪医疗案例2019：紫色小便、蓝血人、神秘的未饮已醉_风闻

【来源龙腾网】

正文原创翻译：

By Rachael Rettner - Senior Writer December 24, 2019

资深作家雷切尔 · 雷特纳写于2019年12月24日

Here are the strangest case reports Live Science covered in 2019.

以下是2019年《现场科学》杂志报道的奇怪的案例。

From a woman with purple pee to a man whose gut microbes brewed their own booze, a number of intriguing medical cases made headlines in 2019.

2019年，一些有趣的医学案例登上了新闻头条，从一个紫色小便的女患者到一个肠道微生物自己酿酒的男患者。

So-called “case reports,” which describe the conditions of individual patients, don’‘‘’t carry the same authoritative weight as rigorous scientific studies with thousands of people participating. But such reports can sometimes help doctors better understand rare diseases or spot unusual signs of common conditions.

所谓的“病例报告” ，其中描述个别患者的特殊情况，并不具备像有成千上万人参与的严格的科学研究那样具有权威性。 但这些报告有时可以帮助医生更好地了解罕见疾病或发现常见疾病的异常迹象。

Here are 10 of the strangest case reports Live Science covered in 2019.

以下便是2019年《现场科学》杂志报道的10大奇怪案例。

 

Purple pee 

紫色小便

“Catheter bags,” which are sometimes used to collect hospitalized patient’‘‘’s urine, are not usually a hot topic of discussion — unless the patient’‘‘’s pee turns purple. That was the case for a woman in France who, after 10 days of hospitalization, saw the pee in her catheter bag change from a normal yellow to a curious violet. 

“集尿袋”有时用于收集住院病人的尿液，通常不是什么热门话题——除袋内病人的尿液变成紫色。 在法国，一位女士在住院10天后，发现她的导尿袋里的尿液从正常的黄色变成了奇怪的紫色。

The rare condition, known simply as “purple urine bag syndrome,” is the result of an odd chemical reaction that can take place inside catheter bags. It occurs when  bacteria convert a chemical in urine called indoxyl sulfate — a breakdown product of the dietary component tryptophan — into red- and blue-colored compounds, which together appear purple.

这种罕见的情况被简称为“紫色尿袋综合征” ，是导尿袋内部奇怪的化学反应的结果。 当细菌将尿液中的一种叫做吲哚硫酸酯的化学物质(排泄物中色氨酸的分解产物)转化为红色和蓝色的化合物，红蓝化合物调和在一起时就会呈现出紫色，紫尿这种情况也就出现了。

 原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：夏目漱口 转载请注明出处

Although strange-looking, purple pee itself is benign. But it can signal a urinary tract infection. Fortunately, the French woman did not have a urinary tract infection, and her pee gradually returned to normal after a four-day period of increased hydration, according to a report of the case, published Oct. 31 in The New England Journal of Medicine.

虽然看起来很奇怪，但是紫色的尿液本身是良性的。 但这可能是泌尿道感染的信号。 据10月31日发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一篇报道，这位幸运的法国妇女没有泌尿道感染，在经过四天的持续补液后，她的尿液逐渐恢复正常。

 

Blue blood 

蓝血人

When a young woman in Rhode Island told doctors she was “blue,” she meant it literally. The 25-year-old went to the emergency room with weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath and a bluish discoloration to her skin. When doctors drew blood from the patient’‘‘’s arteries, it appeared dark blue instead of the normal bright red.

当希腊罗德岛的一位年轻女子打电话告诉医生她“变蓝”时，她的语气是认真的”。 这位25岁的女性因为虚弱、疲劳、呼吸困难和皮肤变蓝而被送往急诊室。 当医生从病人的动脉中抽取血液时，血液显示为深蓝色，而不是正常的亮红色。

She was diagnosed with methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder in which hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, is not able to effectively release oxygen to body tissues. The condition can cause bluish skin and blood.

她被诊断出患有正铁血红蛋白血症，这是一种由于体内输送氧气的血红蛋白无法有效地向人体组织释放氧气而引发的血液病。由于不能有效地向身体组织释放氧气，这种情况会导致皮肤和血液发青。

The disorder can be inherited, or result from a reaction to medication. In the woman’‘‘’s case it was likely the latter — shortly before her symptoms started, she applied large amounts of a topical numbing medication for a toothache. She was treated with a medicine called methylene blue, which can quickly reverse the condition, and was well enough to go home the next morning, according to a report of her case, published Sept. 19 in The New England Journal of Medicine.

这种疾病可能是因为遗传，也可能是药物反应的结果。 在这名妇女的案例中，可能是后者——在她发病前不久，她使用了大量局部麻醉药来治疗牙痛。 根据9月19日发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一篇关于她病情的报告显示，她接受了一种叫做亚甲蓝的药物治疗，这种药物能够迅速逆转病情，并且第二天早上就能够康复回家。

Mysterious intoxication 

神秘的未饮酒就醉了

​

The man swore he never consumed alcohol, but his doctors refused to believe him — not only did the man appear drunk, his blood alcohol level was very high. But as it turns out, the man was telling the truth — he had a rare condition in which his gut microbes brewed their own booze.

这名男子发誓说他从未饮酒，但他的医生拒绝相信他的话——他不仅看上去像喝醉了，而且血液中的酒精含量非常高。 但事实证明，这名男子说的是实话——患有一种罕见的疾病，肠道微生物将碳水化合物发酵成酒精。

 原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：夏目漱口 转载请注明出处

For six years, the 46-year-old man experienced episodes of mysterious drunkenness, according to a report of his case, published Aug. 5 in the journal BMJ Open Gastroenterology. During these episodes, he experienced mental changes, including “brain fog,” as well as uncharacteristically aggressive behavior. One day, he was arrested for drunken driving and found to have a blood alcohol level twice the legal limit. All the while, he denied consuming any alcohol.

根据8月5日发表在《英国医学杂志》上的一篇报道，这位46岁的男子经历了6年的莫名其妙酒醉。 在发作期间，他的精神状态发生了很大的变化，出现了“脑雾”等迹象 ，以及一反常态的攻击性行为。 一天，他因酒驾被捕，发现血液中的酒精含量是法定限度的两倍。可是一直以来，他都否认购买过任何酒精饮料来喝。

Eventually, doctors diagnosed the man with auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), which happens when microorganisms in the gut ferment carbohydrates into alcohol. In the man’‘‘’s case, he had strains of yeast living in his gut that convert carbs to booze. Antibiotics wiped out these boozy microbes, and probiotics helped reestablish a healthy gut microbiome. He was eventually able to eat carbs again without becoming intoxicated.

最终，医生诊断该男子患有“自动酿酒综合症”，这种疾病当肠道微生物将碳水化合物发酵成酒精时这种症状就会出现。 在这个男人的案例中，他的肠道里有种酵母菌，可以将碳水化合物转化为酒精。 在用抗生素消灭了这些会酿酒的微生物，并用益生菌帮助重建了一个健康的肠道微生物菌群后，这名男子终于又可以再次摄入碳水化合物而不用担心“未饮酒先醉了”。