澳总理:大多数病例源于美国 抗疫举措步步升级_风闻
心之龙城飞将-2020-03-22 09:48
过去一周,澳大利亚的新冠肺炎疫情急剧发展。随着境外输入病例及社区传播病例不断增多,澳确诊新冠肺炎病例以每天新增逾百例的速度增加,目前已经累计破千。莫里森政府几乎每天都出台新的防控举措,可谓步步为营,步步升级。
澳总理称美国是澳感染病例的最大来源
3月1日澳新冠肺炎确诊病例还只有20多例,且每日仅增加几例。然而,随着境外输入及社区传播病例的快速增长,从3月18日起,每日确诊病例增幅达到上百甚至几百。截至当地时间3月21日下午2时,澳累计确诊病例已达1073例。更不幸的是,澳政府和卫生专家都认为,新冠肺炎疫情最严重的时刻尚未到来。
《悉尼先驱晨报》3月16日报道称,据莫里森政府预计,澳新冠肺炎疫情最坏可能导致近15万人死亡。澳联邦政府副首席医疗官凯利表示,在最好情况下,感染率为20%,500万感染者中可能有5万人死亡;在中等情况下,感染者可能达到1000万,或有10万人死亡;在最坏情况下,可能会有1500万人感染,15万人死亡。莫里森政府预计疫情至少要持续半年。
据此间9号台新闻网报道,莫里森总理3月20日早晨接受2GB电台采访时表示,在澳确诊新冠肺炎病例中,大约80%是海外输入病例或与从海外回来的人有过直接接触的人。在这些病例中,“大多数病例来源于美国”。报道还说,美国未能进行足够数量的新冠病毒检测,这意味着美国国内最近几周的实际感染人数要比公布的多得多。莫里森在采访中表示,“我认为没有任何迹象表明,任何国家,包括中国,在故意做任何事情。”莫里森此番言论被不少媒体解读为他对特朗普政府在控制疫情方面的不作为发出的信号。
此前一周,维多利亚州州长安德鲁斯向澳联邦政府提出限制美国游客入境的建议。据当地媒体报道,安德鲁斯在参加莫里森总理成立的国家应对新冠病毒疫情紧急内阁会议前向媒体表示:“中国新增病例已经很少,澳大利亚却仍然对中国实行旅行禁令,而美国人却可以自由来澳大利亚,这种做法很难解释。”“现在仍不禁止美国人来澳洲,这样做对不起维州和全澳人民。”报道还称,澳内政部长达顿从美国访问返澳后,确诊患有新冠肺炎,在医院接受隔离治疗。
首次实施生物安全紧急状态和离境禁令
3月18日,莫里森政府首次根据《生物安全法》宣布澳大利亚进入人类生物安全紧急状态。莫里森据此宣布实行离境禁令,所有澳大利亚人不得出国,这是澳有史以来首次行此禁令。莫里森还宣布禁止到偏远的土著社区旅行。北领地政府日前也宣布,从3月24日开始实施旅行禁令,禁止非北领地人员进入,北领地人返回后须隔离14天。
3月19日,莫里森又宣布“封国令”,即从3月20日晚9时起,所有非澳公民和非澳永久居民禁止入境,不受禁令限制的入境者须严格实行14天自我隔离。这意味着人在澳境外的学生签证持有者和打工度假签证持有者目前无法进入澳大利亚。莫里森日前还表示,将考虑对新冠病毒暴发区域实行封闭,限制域内人员流动。
为防控疫情,澳政府还推行保持社交距离,严格限制室内聚会。最近几天,保持社交距离成了澳民众防疫的热门词语。澳首席医疗官布兰登·墨菲教授表示,“与他人保持距离,避免非必要的出行,尽量避免非必要的大型团体活动…… 在家工作,所有这些措施都非常重要”。他还指出,不握手也是安全社交距离的一部分。澳卫生部门公布的资料显示,安全社交距离为1.5米。为了限制社交距离,莫里森宣布室内酒吧和餐馆每4平方米仅许容纳1人,最多只能容纳100人,户外活动不得超过500人。澳政府21日还临时关闭了著名旅游景点邦迪海滩,因为那里有大量游客聚集。
(本报堪培拉3月21日电 本报驻堪培拉记者 王传军)
来源:光明日报
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疫情之下,美国街头流浪者们何去何从?
疫情之下,美国街头流浪者们何去何从?缩小字体放大字体收藏微博微信分享7 原标题:疫情之下,美国街头流浪者们何去何从?
加利福尼亚州州长加文•纽瑟姆(Gavin Newsom)3月19日晚宣布全州“禁足令”,要求居民待在家中,以遏制新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延。
此前,包括洛杉矶等多个城市已要求居民不要离开居所,除非是必要岗位或必须外出采购。
California Governor Gavin Newsom on Thursday night issued a statewide order for all residents to “stay at home” amid the new coronavirus outbreak。
Several cities in the state including Los Angeles had already required residents to “shelter in place” unless for necessary outings。
大多数人可以选择“宅家”,但没有家的人又该何去何从?
随着疫情在美国持续蔓延,越来越多人开始担心一个“特殊群体”——街头那些无家可归的流浪者。他们无法找到可供隔离的居所,不能及时得到医疗卫生服务,在来势汹涌的病毒面前,他们或许是“最脆弱”的群体。
The most common ways of limiting exposure to coronavirus, like social distancing, stay at home, and early testing, are nearly impossible for one significant segment of the U.S。 population — those experiencing homelessness。
根据美国住房和城市发展部的数据显示,2019年每晚大约有超过56万人无家可归。
纽约、洛杉矶和西雅图三大城市有着庞大的流浪者人群。而这些城市本身人口众多,面临着住房资源紧缺的危机。如此情况下,在疫情期间为流浪者们提供隔离场所以及基本的卫生服务,更是难上加难。
According to data from the U.S。 Department of Housing and Urban Development, more than 560,000 individuals surveyed on one night in 2019 experienced homelessness。 Among those with the largest homeless population, New York City, Los Angeles, and Seattle, all are densely populated cities facing a housing crisis, making expanding access to quarantine space and basic hygienic services more difficult amid the pandemic。
疫情之下,何以为家?
西奥•亨德森已经在洛杉矶街头流浪七年,他开设了一个名为“我们流浪者”的播客。在他最近几期播客节目中,亨德森介绍了疫情期间洛杉矶街头流浪者们所面临的困境。
Theo Henderson, host of the “We the Unhoused” podcast, has been living on the streets of Los Angeles for seven years。 In his most recent podcast episode, he listed the difficulties the unhoused community in LA is going through trying to cope with the pandemic。
为避免疫情期间人群聚集,流浪者们的帐篷营地被取缔;把车停在居民区、学校附近,在车中过夜也不被允许。
那些本可以提供卫生间和淋浴点的图书馆、公园,目前都已经关闭;许多星巴克的店铺也对流浪者们“关上”了大门,让他们失去了一个临时落脚点。
Increased police operations that takes down homeless people‘s tents during the day makes it harder for the homeless to have social-distancing。 Sleeping in a car in residential areas or near schools, parks and daycare units is illegal under the city’s law。
Public libraries and parks, the few spots in the city where clean bathrooms and washing stations were available to the homeless, remain shut down。 And many Starbucks stores have tried removing phone chargers to penalize and discourage the homeless from coming into the store。
经济低迷的环境下,肆虐的疫情对低收入人群来说更是“雪上加霜”。有一部分人甚至因为失去收入来源付不起房租而被驱逐出户,不得不流落街头。
With the economy in slow motion, the fear of eviction became real。 Especially for those who had multiple part-time temporary jobs, the business shutdown is taking away major chunks of their paycheck。 “To penalize them for not paying the rent because our economy and our system has shut down through a pandemic is cruel, illegal, and wrong,” said Henderson。
洛杉矶市议会3月18日出台了新的法案,在疫情期间提供一定的庇护,包括中止驱逐那些欠缴房租的租户以及暂停取缔街头流浪者们的帐篷营地。
Amid public outcry for helping individuals struggling to respond to the outbreak, the LA City Council on Wednesday decided to pass legislation to enact basic protections。 Measures include eviction moratorium to cover everyone who missed rent。 Enforcement of tents down during the day will be suspended amid the crisis。
疫情之下,健康如何保障?
3月17日,纽约报告一位居住在收容所的流浪者新冠肺炎检测呈阳性,让不少人担心新冠肺炎可能会在流浪者群体中传播开来。
其实一直以来,卫生健康部门的相关人士都十分担忧疫情可能会在一些流浪者收容所爆发。这些地方“人挤人”的现象较为严重,也无法提供隔离所需的基本空间以及必要的医疗卫生服务。
On the other side of the country, concerns about the transmission of COVID-19 among the homeless are rising on the East Coast, when it was reported on Tuesday that a resident of a New York City homeless shelter tested positive for coronavirus。
Health officials have long feared that an outbreak could occur in homeless shelters where residents live in close range。 Because residents do not have the ability to self-quarantine, access to separate space and medical help are of crucial importance to shelters with infected cases。
为了避免发生交叉感染的情况,一些收容所也开始调整运营管理方法。比如纽约市建议收容所床铺间隔至少保持三到六英尺、尽量避免成员间分食食物以及取消团体活动。
To prevent cross-infection in over-crowded shelters, staffs at the shelter have been modifying their operation methods。 In a 11-page document issued by the New York City, beds are advised to be at least three to six feet apart。 Shared eating is also strongly discouraged, as well as group activities。
但是要做到上述要求,只能适当减少收容所收留的流浪者人数。美国国内许多收容所都已经暂时停止接收新的成员,以便能够腾出更多的空间,防止出现“人满为患”的情况。
另外,流浪者的“老龄化”问题也提升了疫情在这一群体爆发的可能性。不少流浪者都患有基础性疾病,脆弱的免疫系统让他们比普通民众面临更高的感染风险。
But to live up to the requirements, sheltering fewer people seems to be an inevitable choice。 Shelters across the country report a halt on new intake。
The aging trend among the homeless population makes them even more vulnerable。 Many have underlying health conditions that weaken their immune system。
目前,联邦政府和州政府也采取了一些措施来保障疫情期间流浪者们的健康与安全,如向流浪者们提供洗手液等清洁产品、搭建临时收容所、及时隔离安置那些新冠病毒检测呈阳性的流浪者等。
On a positive note, some adjustment measures have been taken on the part of state and federal governments。 The Department and Homeless Services recently overruled the previous policy that forbids outreach officers from handing out supplies to homeless people on the street。 Hand sanitizers and socks are distributed to the homeless population in a bid to help them cope with the coronavirus。
Greater efforts have been put into pulling the homeless off the streets。 Modular tents and camp trailers were deployed as temporary shelters across several states。 California blocked off nearly 400 rooms in two hotels and will purchase more than 1,300 trailers for homeless individuals, who tested positive for COVID-19 or who are at greater risk of infection。