古代科举考试有多难?_风闻
龙腾网-2020-03-12 16:29
【来源龙腾网】
评论翻译:

Lincoln Cheng (鄭博軒), Citizen of the Middle Kingdom
upxed May 28 · Upvoted by Lyonel Perabo, B.A. in History. M.A in related field (Folkloristics)
In 19th century China, there lived a relatively unknown and obscure man named Hóng Xiùquán (洪秀全).
在19世纪的中国,有一个比较默默无闻的人,他叫洪秀全。
Just one of many Chinese civil service hopefuls striving to gain a place in the supreme imperial bureaucracy of the ruling Qing Dynasty. And like most people who took the notoriously hard and infamous imperial examinations, Hong was actually quite intelligent. Possessing a seemingly innate aptitude for the scholarly pursuits and administrative capabilities demanded by the esteemed imperial court. However, also like most people, he failed the exams (which had a passing rate of a little over 1%) time and time again, until he had exhausted both his own (and family’s) finances.
Upon receiving his failed exam results for a fourth and final time, Hong reportedly suffered a full-blown mental breakdown. During which he came under the influence of American Protestant-Christian missionaries preaching in his locality, and subsequently became intensely religious. In the following weeks, Hong grew even more mentally unstable and delirious. Eventually claiming that he was the younger Chinese brother of Jesus Christ, and that God the father had appeared to him in a dream. Where he was supposedly tasked with overthrowing the ruling pagan Qing dynasty in China, purging the world of “demon-worshippers”, and establishing a Christian kingdom of heavenly peace on Earth.
Hong then converted to Christianity, and would ultimately go on to start the Taiping Rebellion, which plunged China into a decade-long civil war that culminated in the deaths of 20–30 million people.
他只是众多中国公务员候选人中的一个,他们都很努力的想要在统治清朝的最高帝国官僚机构中获得一席之地。和大多数参加过臭名昭著、环境艰苦的科举考试的人一样,洪秀全实际上相当聪明。具有一种似乎生来就有的追求学术和管理能力的天赋,这是受到尊敬的朝廷所寻求的。然而,和大多数人一样,他一次又一次地考试不及格(及格率略高于1%),直到他耗尽了自己(和家人)的财力。
据报道,他第四次,也是最后一次收到不及格的考试成绩后,精神崩溃了。在此期间,他受到在当地传教的美国新教-基督教传教士的影响,后来变得非常虔诚。在接下来的几周里,洪的精神变得更加不稳定和精神错乱。最后,他声称自己是耶稣基督的弟弟,上帝爸爸在梦中出现在他面前。据推测,他的任务是推翻统治中国的异教清朝,清除世界上的“恶魔崇拜者”,并在地球上建立一个神圣和平的基督教王国。
洪后来皈依基督教,最终发动太平天国起义,使中国陷入长达十年的内战,最终导致2-3千万人死亡。
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That’s how hard the imperial examinations were.
(Almost makes me feel sorry for Hong.)
科举考试就是这么难。(几乎让我为洪感到难过。)
(译注:洪秀全(1814年1月1日—1864年6月1日 [1] ),曾用名火秀 ,族名仁坤,后来为了避上帝名讳而改为洪秀全 ,广东花县(今广东省广州市花都区)新华镇官禄村人 。清末农民起义领袖。
道光年间,屡应科举不中,遂吸取基督教教义中的平等思想,撰写《原道救世歌》。咸丰元年(1851年)1月11日,洪秀全领导发动金田起义, 建国号太平天国,号天王。咸丰三年(1853年),定都江宁(今南京),改称天京。建都之后,洪秀全分兵占领长江各省,派兵北伐、西征 ,并摧毁江南、江北大营。咸丰六年(1856年),洪秀全诛杨秀清、韦昌辉,史称“天京事变”,随后,他迅速启用陈玉成、李秀成等新将领;并以洪仁玕为军师,推行新政。 同治三年(1864年),洪秀全在天京病逝,享年51岁。其逝世后太平天国运动在中外反动势力的联合绞杀下失败。在政治上,洪秀全完善职官制度,修建王府,确立五军主将;在经济上,颁布《天朝田亩制度》,力求废除封建土地所有制;在文化上,他焚烧四书五经,推崇拜上帝教;在主权原则上,对清政府签订的不平等条约一概不予承认,并积极抗击帝国主义侵略。
洪秀全领导的太平天国运动席卷了大半个中国,历时十四年,给中外反动势力沉重的打击,在中国近代历史上留下深远的影响。洪秀全为太平天国运动做出了巨大贡献,乃至孙中山也自诩“洪秀全第二” [8] 。但洪秀全对伦理和儒家社会的破坏举措,奉行的盲目排外政策和不切实际的纲领,以及他后期腐化的生活作风等,都具有负面影响)