6年来，没有一个“印度制造”的大型国防项目取得进展_风闻

【来源龙腾网】

正文原创翻译：

NEW DELHI: None of the major ‘Make in India’ projects in the defence arena, ranging from new-generation stealth submarines, minesweepers and light utility helicopters to infantry combat vehicles, transport aircraft and fighter jets, have actually taken off in the last six years. These long-pending projects, collectively worth over Rs 3.5 lakh crore, are either stuck or still meandering through different stages, without the final contracts to launch production being inked. The relatively new project to manufacture around 7,50,000 Kalashnikov AK-203 assault rifles in a joint venture with Russia at the Korwa ordnance factory in UP, in fact, is the one poised to kick off first.

从新一代隐形潜艇、扫雷舰、轻型通用直升机，到步兵战车、运输机和战斗机，在过去6年里，国防领域的“印度制造”项目没有一个真正启动。这些项目总价值超过35万亿卢比，长期悬而未决，要么停滞不前，要么仍在不同阶段艰难前行，没有签署投产的最终合同。而一个相对较新的项目，也就是与俄罗斯合资，在北方邦的科尔瓦兵工厂生产约750,000支卡拉什尼科夫AK-203突击步枪，反而准备第一个开始。

TOI in October 2017 had done a stock-taking of six mega Make in India projects to find that bureaucratic bottlenecks, long-winded procedures, commercial and technical wranglings, coupled with lack of requisite political push and follow-through, continued to stymie their launch. Two years later, the story more or less remains the same for seven major projects (see graphic). India since then has scrapped the massive fifth-generation fighter aircraft project with Russia in favour of the indigenous advanced medium combat aircraft (AMCA) project, as was reported by TOI earlier.

印度时报在2017年10月对6个大型印度制造项目进行了盘点，发现官僚主义的瓶颈、冗长的程序、商业和技术上的争吵，再加上缺乏必要的政治推动和跟进，继续阻碍了这些项目的推出。两年后，这7个主要项目的情况或多或少保持不变(见图表)。印度时报早些时候报道称，自那以后，印度取消了与俄罗斯的大规模第五代战斗机项目，转而支持本国的先进中型战斗机(AMCA)项目。

The defence ministry says several measures have been taken to promote indigenous defence production, which include revisions in the Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) and FDI policy, simplification of “Make” procedures and offset guidelines, notification of the “strategic partnership (SP)” model and the decision to set up two defence industrial corridors in Tamil Nadu and UP. “There is a big push to boost indigenous defence production but it will take time to fructify on the ground. Some projects are about to take off. The contract for the AK-203 rifles should be inked by early next year after some delay since the JV with Russia was set up,” said a senior official. 

国防部表示，已经采取了若干措施来促进本土国防生产，包括修订国防采购程序和外国直接投资政策、简化“制造”程序和抵消准则、明确“战略伙伴关系”模式，并决定在泰米尔纳德邦和北方邦建立两条国防工业走廊。“我们正在大力推动本土国防生产，但要项目落地开花结果还需要时间。一些项目即将启动。AK-203步枪的合同应在明年初签署，伴随着与俄罗斯的合资企业的成立，该合同发生了一些推迟，”一位高级官员表示。

“Similarly, it took a long time to conclude the price negotiations for the Tata-Airbus project to make 56 C-295 aircraft because it was a single-vendor situation but the case will now go to the Cabinet Committee on Security for clearance,” he added. But much more clearly needs to be done to rid India of the embarrassing and strategically-vulnerable position of being the world’s largest arms importer. 

他补充称:“同样，塔塔-空客项目花费了很长时间才完成56架C-295飞机的价格谈判，因为这是一个单一供应商的情况，但这个案子现在将提交内阁安全委员会审批。”但是要想摆脱印度作为全球最大武器进口国这一令人尴尬且在战略上易受攻击的地位，还需要付出更多努力。

Many insiders contend the much-touted SP policy to boost the role of Indian companies in production of new-generation weapon systems in collaboration with global armament majors, in fact, has only added further to the delays in finalising and executing projects. The armed forces, for instance, have been demanding new light utility choppers for over 15 years to replace their obsolete single-engine Cheetah and Chetak fleets, which have been dogged by a high crash rate and serviceability problems. 

许多业内人士认为，备受推崇的SP政策（旨在提升印度公司与全球武器巨头合作生产新一代武器系统的作用），实际上只会进一步拖延项目的最终敲定和执行。例如，15年多来，武装部队一直要求使用新型轻型通用直升机，以取代其过时的单引擎猎豹和切塔克直升机，这两种飞机一直受到高坠毁率和适用性问题的困扰。

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Under the SP policy, the first project will be the Navy’s quest for 111 armed, twin-engine utility choppers at a cost of over Rs 21,000 crore. But just as four Indian firms (Tata, Adani, Mahindra Defence and Bharat Forge) and three foreign manufacturers (Airbus, Kamov and Lockheed Martin-Sikorsky) were recently shortlisted, defence PSU Hindustan Aeronautics has sounded the alarm over it not being considered for the helicopter project. Similarly, the Navy’s case for six new stealth diesel-electric submarines, which was first approved in November 2007 at a cost of over Rs 50,000 crore, is also nowhere near finalisation under the SP model.

然而根据SP政策，第一个项目将是海军寻求111架武装双引擎通用直升机，项目成本超过2100亿卢比。但是，就在四家印度公司(塔塔、阿达尼、马欣德拉防务和巴拉特锻造)和三家外国制造商(空中客车、卡莫夫和洛克希德马丁-西科斯基)最近被列入入围名单时，国防大学印度斯坦航空学却发出了警报，因为它没有被考虑参与直升机项目。同样，印度海军在2007年11月首次批准了6艘新型隐形柴电潜艇，耗资超过5000亿卢比，但是在SP模式下，也距离完成相去甚远。

Take another project. India and Russia had inked the inter-governmental agreement to manufacture 200 Kamov-226T light-utility helicopters for over $1 billion in December 2015. But it is stuck in the technical uation stage over the “low level of indigenisation” being offered by Russia, say sources. This much-delayed project for the twin-engine light utility helicopters is considered crucial because India’s endeavour to buy 197 such choppers from abroad has been scrapped three times over the last decade due to corruption allegations and technical deviations.

还有另一个项目。2015年12月，印度和俄罗斯签署了一项政府间协议，以超过10亿美元的价格生产200架卡莫夫-226t轻型通用直升机。但消息人士表示，由于俄罗斯提出的方案“本土化水平过低”，该计划仍处于技术评估阶段。这一拖延已久的双引擎轻型通用直升机项目被认为是至关重要的，但是由于腐败指控和技术偏差，印度这个从国外购买197架该型直升机的努力，在过去10年里，已经取消了3次。