麦克·伍德眼中的改革开放故事_风闻

改革开放是中国历史上的一件大事，四十年以来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

记录这些变化的作品同样层出不穷，由西方纪录片界鼎鼎大名的历史学家、制作人麦克·伍德参与制作的纪录片《改革开放的故事》迅速走红。

麦克·伍德给整个节目定的基调非常有中国特色：实事求是，看到什么讲什么，好好说话。

讲好中国故事的方式有很多种，伍德的方式是讲出中国人民的创造力，从普通中国人的生活出发，请他们说出自己的故事。

解读中国工作室推出《中国改革开放的故事》系列短片，记录中国改革开放的故事。让我们跟随麦克·伍德的视角，一起走进那段对中国而言意义非凡的历史。

《中国改革开放的故事》第一集：人心所向

麦克**·**伍德对中国改革开放的历史可以说是非常熟悉了。

40年前，中国有了一位新领导人，身高五英尺，喜欢吸烟，参与了长征，因务实而享有盛誉，这个人就是邓小平。在邓小平的领导下，中国宣布摒弃阶级斗争，拥抱市场。这是人类史上最大规模的减贫。中国已经成为全球经济大国，并且在未来几十年内有望成为全球最大经济体。但40年前到底发生了什么，中国是如何做到的？

China today is a spectacular vision of modernity.A place of dynamism and opportunity. Every visitor, especially you’ve been coming since 1980s as I have, is astonished by the scale of its growth and the sheer speed of change. It was only in the mid 20th century that China went through its own Industrial revolution, struggling to catch up with the West. But in the last few decades a giant burst of growth has taken it to a leading role in the world.

复旦大学中国研究院院长张维为也参与了这次访谈

有很强的历史感，他曾说，在以前，以前中国至少有一千年领先世界，直至明朝郑和下西洋，之后中国开始闭关锁国，开始走下坡路。

He has a very strong sense of history. You Know, he said that China was a leading nation over 1000 years at least, actually up to the Ming Dynasty, up to Zheng He. Then China became close-door, and then China begin to decline.

伍德最关心的问题就是中国如何才能实现变革，对此美国前驻华大使芮效俭对此有独到的见解：

邓小平和毛泽东一样，都相信共产党执政才是维持国家稳定的正确道路。但毛泽东的理念并不是真正的稳定，而是不断的革命，对于这一点，邓小平并不认同。所以当毛泽东逝世，邓小平回到中央，他将施行他的治国理念，他的理念就是通过最有效的方式，实现国家繁荣富强。

Deng Xiaoping believed, as did Mao, that the only way you could have stability was through one-party rule by Communist Party. But Mao’s concept was not really stability. It was permanent revolution, and Deng didn’t accept that. So when Deng Came back after Mao died, he was able to impose his vision on the country, and his vision was to get rich and glorious and you do it in the most efficient way.

时间来到了1978年这一关键节点，安徽凤阳小岗村的开始了家庭联产承包责任制的尝试，正式拉开了改革开放和序幕，开始了全民致富的道路。

小岗村村民严金昌说：

四十年前，在小岗村，没有一块砖，没有一片瓦，家家住得是破茅草房子，泥巴垒的墙，上面盖的草，这证明过去没有钱，穷啊，老百姓到处逃荒要饭。

40 years ago, in Xiaogang, there was no brick or tile. Everyone lived in thatched shed, which was build up with walls made up of mud and thatch on the top. That was due to the poverty at that time. People fled from famine and begged for food.

面对新的尝试，小岗村的村民心中也难免有些担心。

所以说我们当时的心情是特别的沉重，如果说不这样干，我们就被饿死，如果这样干，我们担风险，最后我们就选择了这条路，我们宁愿去坐牢，去杀头，我们还要把土地分到各家各户。

So we were all heavy-hearted. If we didn’t do that, we may die from starvation. If we did, we must take the responsibility. We finally chose this way. We must divide the land into households, even though it may lead to imprisonment or death.

在老百姓开始新的尝试之后，政府也积极作出改变，1978年11月，一次关于中国农业生产状况的会议在北京召开。意识到人民心中激荡的新情绪，邓小平决定出席会议并做重要发言。

来自全国的200名共产党代表参加了会议，讨论党的工作和农业农村制度。还在与顽固派做斗争的邓小平准备了简短且重要的发言，这个发言是他在农村劳动期间思想的结晶。

200 Party delegates had come from all over China, they met here in this room to discuss work and the commune system of agriculture. Still maneuvering for power against the hard liners, Deng prepared a short key-notes speech that crystalized all he thought about in his years in the wilderness. 

邓小平发言中强调结束基于意识形态的争论，从现在开始，中国应该实事求是。他说“我们曾经有过重大挫折，但勤劳的中国人民对我们领导的事业充满热情，我们让人民失望了。”从现在起，中国必须学习科学技术，开放市场，利用经济发展带领人民脱贫致富。一些参会代表是震惊的，但大多数代表都非常激动。他总结说是时候解放我们的思想了。

The key Deng said was to end argument based on ideology - from now on they must seek truth from facts. “We have had grave setbacks” he admitted, “the wonderful Chinese people have been very patient, for we have let the people down” From now on, he said, they must embrace science and technology, open up the market, and use the economy to lift people out of poverty. Some of these audience were shocked, but most were excited. He concluded that the time has come to liberate our minds.

邓小平的成就是全世界有目共睹的，在其引领的改革开放政策之下，中国一步步走向繁荣。哈佛大学教授《邓小平时代》作者傅高义说到：

 

 世界上有且只有中国，一个如此庞大的国家可以改变得如此飞速，实在令人震惊，出乎所有人的意料。20世纪以来，如果要说哪位领导人为改变世界贡献最大，我想我不得不说是邓小平。

There’s one society with that huge could change so rapidly, its just staggering, its just staggering, and none of us predicted it. Since 20th century, if you say what leader did more to change the world than any other. I think I have to say Deng Xiaoping.  

第一集的故事到这里就结束啦，本集讲述了改革开放的起点和人心所向的时代背景。本系列一共五集，欢迎持续关注！