通俄门事件值得美国人和中国人共同反省_风闻

难得看到纽约时报如此深刻的反省文章。

把美国本身的内部问题归于外国操纵美国选举，真是天大的笑话。

中国也应当反思，为什么特朗普这样一个思维方式倒退的人物，竟然对中国媒体产生巨大冲击。

特朗普在中国被敬畏的程度，远大于特朗普在美国和欧洲被批评的程度。这是为什么？

包括中国一批崇美恐美的知识精英，似乎丧失观察国际形势的常识。抗拒特朗普张牙舞爪的能力，还不如朝鲜、叙利亚、伊朗这样的小国和弱国，更别说俄国了。

中国一批人，富了家产，失了骨气。君子之泽，二代就蒸发了。

我们究竟需要什么样的教育和什么样的现代化？中国人应当和美国人一起反思。

当然两国的发展趋势完全不同，中国不能模仿美国模式的现代化。

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文章：“通俄”让我们忽视了美国根本的弱点

作者：Farhad Manjoo

来源：纽约时报中文网

On a bitter night nearly two-and-a-half squandered years ago, Donald Trump was duly elected the 45th president of the United States of America. His victory was a political scandal, a democratic emergency and a moral shame — but as Robert Mueller seems to have concluded after a definitive investigation, Mr. Trump’s win was not the illegitimate product of a treasonous conspiracy.

光阴蹉跎，在近两年半前一个令人痛苦的夜晚，唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)如期当选为美利坚合众国第45任总统。他的获胜是一场政治丑闻，是民主告急，是道德上的蒙羞——但罗伯特·穆勒(Robert Mueller)经过权威调查后似已得出结论，特朗普的获胜并非叛国阴谋的非法产物。

There was no collusion. The president was not a Manchurian candidate. And we can’t lay the blame for this whole thing on Vladimir Putin.

其中没有串谋。总统不是满洲候选人(Manchurian candidate)。我们也不能把一切都归咎于弗拉基米尔·普京(Vladimir Putin)。

Indeed, the truest horror in Mr. Mueller’s finding is that we did not need Mr. Putin to be pulling the strings. We know now that under our shambolic democracy, a man as unfit as Mr. Trump really can legitimately acquire all the terrifying powers of the presidency without being controlled by a foreign puppet master.

的确，穆勒调查结果真正的骇人之处莫过于我们不需要普京来操纵局势。我们如今知道，在我们混乱的民主制度下，一个如特朗普般不称职的人，真的可以合法取得总统一职的所有惊人权力，而无需外国傀儡大佬所左右。

The second true horror concerns a historically wasted opportunity. In the years we’ve spent chasing the fantastical ghosts of collusion, we have all but ignored the structural weaknesses plaguing every corner of the American establishment, from its political parties to its news media to its tilted economic landscape and, most important, the unfair machinery of its democracy.

第二个真正的骇人之处是，一个历史机遇的浪费。在忙于追逐幻想中的“串谋”幽灵的年头里，我们全都忽视了美国制度无所不在的结构性弱点，从它的政党到新闻媒体到倾斜的经济格局，以及最为重要的，其不公正的民主机制。

Mr. Mueller’s indictments show that Russian agents interfered with the 2016 election by sowing discord on social media and hacking and disseminating Democrats’ emails. Yet it now seems wiser to point to our intrinsically American shortcomings, more than Russian interference, for Mr. Trump’s victory. And in rushing to blame Russian collusion, we have wasted time and political opportunity that we might better have spent reckoning with how to prevent a Trump-like catastrophe from happening again.

穆勒的起诉书表明，俄罗斯特工曾通过在社交媒体上挑拨离间、黑客攻击并散播民主党人邮件的方式插手2016年大选。但现在，指出特朗普获胜主要不在于俄方插手，而在于美国所固有的不足之处，似乎是更为明智的做法。匆忙指责通俄的过程中，我们浪费了时间，浪费了政治机遇，我们本可以藉此反思一下如何防止特朗普式的灾难再度发生。

I’m spelling all this out starkly, because in the spinning to come, it will be all too easy to lose yourself in misdirection. If you are a liberal, you might be especially tempted to give in to the aggrieved and embarrassed #resistance-tweeting punditocracy now throwing up endless reasons for downplaying Mr. Mueller’s finding: We still haven’t seen the whole report! The attorney general is a toady! Don’t forget about all those other investigations of all those other crimes!

我是在将这一切和盘托出，因为在接下来的乱局中，最最容易的莫过于在误导中迷失自我。如果你是自由主义者，你可能尤其忍不住会顺从那些不断发抗议推文、愤懑又尴尬的时政专家们，他们如今正抛出无数理由淡化穆勒的调查结论：我们还没看到整篇报道！司法部长是个马屁精！别忘了还有针对其他罪行的调查！

These are all important points. But don’t overlook the headline finding. Like the Trump victory itself, Mr. Mueller’s no-collusion conclusion should leave a mark. It lands like a rotten egg on a political and media establishment that had gone all-in on its own self-serving — and wrong — theory of the case. Before we embark on yet more investigations, it is worth examining, now, why the collusion fantasy proved so irresistible to so many of us — and what we all might have done with our time instead.

这些固然都很重要。但也别忽视引发关注的结论。就像特朗普获胜本身一样，穆勒的无串谋结论应当留下印记。它就像一个臭鸡蛋落在了政界和媒体身上，这一制度已把赌注全压在它自己对这件事的利己——且是错误的——理论上。在我们着手开始更多调查之前，现在值得检视一下为何串谋的幻想令我们如此多的人如此难以抵挡，以及我们本可以用这些时间做点什么别的。

Here’s my theory: Collusion was a seductive and convenient delusion. For many Americans, the simple truth that Mr. Trump really had won was too terrible to bear. The ease with which a racist, misogynist, serial con man had slipped past every gatekeeper in American life suggested something deeply sick at the core of our society.

我的理论是：串谋是个诱人且方便的妄想。对于许多美国人，特朗普真的赢了这个简单的事实可怖到令人难以承受。一个种族主义者、厌恶女性者、连环骗子如此轻易地溜过美国生活的每一道把关人，这表明我们生活的核心存在某种深层的病态。

In particular, Mr. Trump’s win pointed to tectonic failures within the mainstream news media, whose leading brands had fanned the showman’s rise with copious television coverage; indulged his every gimmick with yet more attention; and elevated his opponent’s trifling email-management kerfuffle into a scandal of world-historic import.

特别是，特朗普的获胜表明，主流新闻媒体内部存在结构性失误，这些主流媒体的领先品牌曾通过大量电视报道推动这位表演家的崛起；对他的每一个噱头报以更多关注；并将他的对手微不足道的邮件管理混乱升级为具有世界历史意义的丑闻。

Mr. Trump’s win also pointed to the failure of our political parties. After years of playing footsie with extremists, the Republicans created an environment in which a racist demagogue could swallow them whole.

特朗普的胜利也表明了我们政党的失败。在与极端分子眉来眼去多年后，共和党人创造了这样一种环境——一个种族主义的煽动政客就可以把他们整个吞下去。

Democrats, meanwhile, dismissed the economic and social unease roiling their ranks and nominated a deeply unpopular candidate who lacked any novel vision for American life. And then she forgot to campaign in Michigan.

与此同时，民主党人完全无视搅乱他们阵营的经济和社会不安情绪，提名了一位极不受欢迎的候选人，她对美国生活没有任何新颖的愿景。她还忘了在密歇根搞竞选活动。

There were other minor factors in this American tragedy: Jim Comey’s grandstanding; the tech giants’ inability to appreciate or curb the chaotic powers of their new communications platforms; our collective innumeracy regarding polling; and a naïve failure to appreciate the profound fragility of our national enterprise.

在这场美国悲剧当中，还有其他一些次要因素：吉姆·科米(Jim Comey)的哗众取宠；科技巨头无法察觉或遏制其新通信平台的混乱力量；我们在选举问题上的集体数学盲；以及对我们国家企业的脆弱性天真地缺乏认识。

Finally there was the plainer constitutional failure. You didn’t need a two-year federal investigation to determine the single most important lesson of the 2016 race: America does not treat all its voters, and all of its votes, equally. Across the country, the voices of thousands and possibly millions of people were suppressed. Millions more votes went essentially uncounted, because the perversities of the Electoral College elevate a few thousand votes in the Midwest over a few million in California.

最后还有一个明显的宪法缺陷。无需两年的联邦调查就能得出2016年大选最重要的一个教训：美国并不平等对待所有选民和所有选票。在全国范围内，成千上万，甚至可能上百万人的声音被压制。数百万张选票基本上没有被统计，因为选举人团制度的反常性，中西部地区几千张选票的地位超过了加州的几百万张。

It’s true that we have begun, belatedly, to shine a spotlight on many of these deep-rooted problems. But the Mueller investigation sucked up all the political energy. For many in the political and media establishment, the possibility of collusion offered moral expiation for collective complicity. Rather than begin the hard work of addressing what had actually gone wrong, many of us were swept up in social-media-fueled feedback loops looking for an instant fix: The orgiastic pee tape would turn up and clear up the whole funny misunderstanding.

虽然有些姗姗来迟，但我们的确已经开始把聚光灯对准这些根深蒂固的问题。但穆勒的调查耗尽了所有的政治能量。对于政治和媒体机构中的许多人来说，特朗普共谋的可能性为他们的集体共谋提供了道义上的遮丑。我们中的许多人并没有开始努力解决到底是什么出了问题，而是陷入了社交媒体推动的反馈循环中，寻找一种即时的解决方案：关于小便的狂欢录像会出现，消除所有可笑的误会。

From here, the story of 2016 looks rather straightforward: Mr. Trump was the corrupt, misbegotten choice of a citizenry mired in partisan mistrust, seething with racial grievance, informed by a beleaguered and fracturing news media, and laboring under an economic and political system that had long ceased functioning for all but the wealthiest of its citizens.

这样看来，2016年的故事看上去相当简单：特朗普是腐败的，是人民拙劣的选择，他们深陷党派不信任；对种族问题感到不满；向他们提供信息的新闻媒体困境重重、支离破碎；他们还要在一个长久以来只对最富有的公民有利的经济和政治系统中辛苦工作。

His victory pointed to a systemic failure. In the end the only golden shower that mattered was the one soaking American democracy — but it’s been raining so long and so hard that we’re just about content to ignore the storm.

特朗普的胜利意味着系统性的失败。最后，唯一一场重要的“黄金雨”是浸透美国民主的那场雨——但它下了这样长的时间、这样猛烈，我们几乎可以心安理得地忽视这场风暴。