在纽约，流浪是日常_风闻
食熊则肥-2019-02-28 13:58
无家可归是纽约市的共享体验
你可能曾从无家可归的人身边经过，或与他们共用火车车厢，或亲身认识一个无家可归的人，甚至本人就是无家可归的人。
每天晚上，在我们的城市（纽约），有近4000人在大街上、地铁里或其他公共场所睡觉。但这只是冰山一角。绝大多数正在经历着无家可归的纽约人 - 超过63,000名无家可归的男性，女性和儿童 - 在不被人们看见的市政避难所中度过了夜晚。
在一个拥有850万人口的城市中，每128名纽约人中就有近1人目前无家可归。但是，每17个人中只有1个是可见的。
纽约市的贫困
暴涨的租金和最低的工资增长给资源有限的家庭带来压力。 60％的纽约人说他们没有足够的紧急储蓄来支付至少3个月的食品和租金等费用。近20％的纽约市居民已经生活在贫困线以下（一个四口之家的收入低于24,300美元）。
纽约市的贫困对儿童产生了极大的影响：生活在贫困线以下的人口中，近三分之一是儿童。贫困也往往集中在学校表现不佳，暴力，失业，药物滥用和青少年怀孕率高的社区。所有这些都可能对儿童的发展和福祉产生负面影响，并最终使贫穷和不平等的循环永久化。
纽约都会区的需求
·无家可归的成人
在纽约市区，无家可归者人数处于历史最高水平。
有多少人无家可归？
每天晚上，超过63,000人在纽约市政避难所中过夜 - 比10年前增加了43％。而在街道上，地铁系统或其他公共场所，有将近4000人。
什么导致无家可归？
在大多数情况下，涉及多个因素。常见的包括：精神疾病，药物滥用，未经处理的医疗问题，创伤事件，暴力和虐待，缺乏经济适用房和难以维持就业。
谁无家可归？
所有性别，种族，年龄和社会经济背景的人都会经历无家可归。在城市避难所中睡觉的人中，单身男性超过11,000人，单身女性近4000人，家庭成人或儿童近46,000人。
无家可归的儿童
与此同时，近三分之一的纽约市儿童生活在贫困线以下。
哪里的儿童有风险？
南布朗克斯区和东哈莱姆区是两个遭受集中贫困的纽约市社区。由于犯罪率高，健康状况不佳以及住房条件差，这些地区对儿童福利构成高风险。
贫困会造成什么影响？
数百项研究调查了贫困对儿童福祉的不利影响。在贫困中成长可能会扰乱孩子的大脑发育并破坏他的社交和情感成长。
如何解决贫困问题？
物质保证和教导在帮助儿童在学校和生活中茁壮成长方面发挥关键作用。素质项目支持儿童的社会和情感发展，帮助他们成长为健康的，有依靠的和经济自给自足的成年人。
附原文。
Homelessness is a Shared Experience in New York City
Chances are you have walked by or shared a train car with someone who is homeless, know someone personally who has been homeless, or even experienced homelessness yourself.
Every night in our city, nearly 4,000 people sleep on the street, in the subway system or in other public spaces. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. The vast majority of New Yorkers experiencing homelessness – over 63,000 homeless men, women and children – spend the night instead within the city’s shelter system where they remain unseen.
In a city of 8.5 million people, nearly 1 in every 128 New Yorkers is currently homeless. But only 1 out of every 17 of these individuals is visible to the eye.
Poverty in New York City
Skyrocketing rents and minimal wage growth put pressure on households with limited resources. 60% of New Yorkers say they don’t have enough emergency savings to cover at least 3 months’ worth of expenses like food and rent. And nearly 20% of New York City residents already live below the poverty line (earning less than $24,300 for a family of four).
Poverty in New York City greatly affects children: nearly 1 in 3 people living below the poverty line is a child. Poverty also tends to be concentrated in neighborhoods with low-performing schools and high rates of violence, unemployment, substance abuse and teen pregnancy. All of this can have negative effects on child development and well-being, and ultimately perpetuate cycles of poverty and inequality.
The Need in the New York Metro Area
ADULTS
In the New York City metro area, homelessness is at an all-time high.
HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE HOMELESS?
Every night, more than 63,000 people sleep in the New York City municipal shelter system — up 43% from 10 years ago. Nearly 4,000 more sleep on the street, in the subway system or in other public spaces.
WHAT CAUSES HOMELESSNESS?
In most cases, multiple factors are involved. Common ones include: mental illness, substance abuse, untreated medical issues, traumatic events, violence and abuse, lack of affordable housing and difficulty sustaining employment.
WHO EXPERIENCES HOMELESSNESS?
People of all genders, races, ages, and socioeconomic backgrounds experience homelessness. Among those sleeping in city shelters, more than 11,000 are single men, nearly 4,000 are single women and nearly 46,000 are adults or children in families.
CHILDREN
Meanwhile, nearly 1 in 3 NYC children live below the poverty line.
WHERE ARE CHILDREN AT RISK?
The South Bronx and East Harlem are two New York City neighborhoods suffering from concentrated poverty. Burdened with high crime rates, poor health outcomes, and poor housing conditions, these areas pose high risks for child welfare.
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF POVERTY?
Hundreds of studies have examined the detrimental effects of poverty on the well-being of children. Growing up in poverty may disturb a child’s brain development and undermine his social and emotional growth.
HOW CAN POVERTY BE ADDRESSED?
Opportunities for enrichment and mentoring can play a critical role in helping children thrive in school and life. Quality programs support children’s social and emotional development, helping them grow into adults who are healthy, grounded and economically self-sufficient.
（借助了谷歌翻译，有错误欢迎指正）