莫迪：有人要推翻“共同但有区别责任”，这是不道德的！

【巴黎气候大会还在继续，此前观察者网专栏作者、美国2030研究所首席研究员文佳筠曾撰文指出：“印度是基础四国中唯一没有提交峰值年限的国家。此次巴黎气候大会，印度估计会首当其冲。”就在气候大会召开前夕，印度总理莫迪在英国《金融时报》撰文强硬表态，“当年依靠化石燃料实现富裕”的先进国家，必须继续肩负起最沉重的负担。并且坚持认为，新的气候协议必须根植于“共同但有区别的责任”这项原则，任何其它的不同观点都是不道德的。原标题为“发达国家必须为气候变化承担更多责任”，略有改动。】

2014年9月，莫迪出席在纽约召开的联合国大会，呼吁各国创办国际瑜伽节，并提出练习瑜伽还有利于人们应对气候变化的影响

在巴黎，各国领袖们未来几天将决定我们这个星球的命运。我希望今天开幕的巴黎气候变化大会能够达成一项协议，以帮助我们平衡生态保护与经济发展之间的关系，把一个生态良好的地球传给子孙后代，这也是我们对未来的责任。

我也希望在这次大会上，全球各国共同努力，在责任与能力之间取得平衡的同时，在愿景与现实需要之间也能达到平衡。我们应该意识到，一些国家面对的只是生活方式和技术的选择，而另一些国家则面临着生死存亡的现实。

民主的印度是全球发展最为迅速的经济体之一。我们在尽力满足12.5亿人的需求，其中3亿人将很快可以使用现代能源，同时有9000万人将获得自来水供应。

印度文化的本质要求在于发展的可持续性。当一个孩子降生时，我们要种一棵树。从古代起，我们就把人类视为自然的一部分，而不是高居自然之上。这种观念深植于印度的古代典籍中，而且在印度大地的每一片神树林和社区林中得到长期传承。

印度也在经受着由发达国家工业化而引发的气候变化的冲击，我们关心的，是全国7500公里海岸线，是1300多个岛屿和大量冰川，这些自然馈赠维护了我们的文明和数百万无所依靠的农民。

我们将尽自己的责任。印度已经承诺，到2030年，我们将在2005年温室气体排放的基础上削减33%，而且40%的电力装机容量将来自非化石燃料。2022年前，可再生能源产量将达到175000兆瓦。我们还针对使用煤炭征税，并对石油产品进行了补贴。预计新增加的森林资源将可以吸收至少25亿吨的二氧化碳。我们还将清洁河流，建设智慧城市。目前，我们正在用清洁能源替代柴油动力并建设50条新的地铁线路。

我们还将与发展中国家分享经验，帮助小岛国和非洲国家发展可再生能源。本周一，法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德先生和我将共同启动一个国际太阳能联盟计划，以帮助热带地区的121个日照充足的国家，为这些国家的未通电的村庄提供用得起的太阳能电力。我们希望全世界也如此共同应对气候变化。“共同但有区别的责任”原则应该是我们共同事业的基础，任何其它的不同观点都是不道德的。

发展中国家需要发展，他们在燃烧化石燃料方面需要得到公平对待。一部分国家只是生活方式受到影响，这不应挤占其它仍处于发展初期的国家的发展机会。

某些人说，当发达国家燃烧化石燃料走向富裕时，还不知道它对气候的影响。由于科学已经如此进步，可替代能源也已经出现，这些人认为发展中国家应该与发达国家共同承担同样的责任。但是，我仍然认为应该让发达国家承担更多的责任，因为虽然人类已经掌握了新的技术，但是发展中国家未必拥有这些技术，而且这些技术也未必是发展中国家用得起的。

我们应该高举合作的旗帜，努力满足人类对清洁能源和健康的生活环境的需求，而不是让各国选边站队。印度将与各国政府、科学机构和产业界合作，共同促进人类迈向清洁能源时代，为人类提供方便经济的可再生能源。

除非我们检讨目前这种使地球超负荷运转的生产生活方式，否则再好的政策和技术措施也不能产生良好效果，而共同的减排任务对发展中国家而言也将是不公正的。自然资源的消耗与再生平衡时，可以供给人类所需，而消耗快于再生时，大自然将无以提供。我们的目标是必须采取措施限制化石燃料的使用并节制我们过度消耗的生活方式。

圣雄甘地曾这样教导我们：“我们应该配得大自然的信任，明智地使用自然资源，因为交给子孙后代一个健康的地球是我们的道德责任。”带着这样的使命感，我们寄希望于这次巴黎的大会，印度将为这次会议的成功贡献自己的力量。

（观察者网杨晗轶翻译，翻页查看英文原文。）

本文系观察者网独家稿件，文章内容纯属作者个人观点，不代表平台观点，未经授权，不得转载，否则将追究法律责任。关注观察者网微信guanchacn，每日阅读趣味文章。

The rich world must take greater responsibility for climate change

Narendra Modi

In the next few days in Paris, the world will decide the fate of our planet. I hope the climate conference that begins there today will produce an agreement that restores the balance between ecology and economy — between our inheritance and our obligation to the future.

The conference will also, I hope, reflect a collective global commitment balancing responsibilities and capabilities on one hand with aspirations and needs on the other. It should recognise that, while some face a choice between lifestyles and technologies, others stand between deprivation and hope.

Democratic India is among the world’s fastest-growing economies. We are striving to meet the aspirations of 1.25bn people, 300m more of whom will soon have access to modern sources of energy while 90m gain running water.

The instinct of our culture is to take a sustainable path to development. When a child is born, we plant a tree. Since ancient times, we have seen humanity as part of nature, not superior to it. This idea, rooted in our ancient texts, endures in sacred groves and in community forests across the land.

India is also experiencing the impact of climate change caused by the industrial age of the developed world. We are concerned about our 7,500km of coastline, more than 1,300 islands, the glaciers that sustain our civilisation and our millions of vulnerable farmers.

We will play our part. We have pledged that, by 2030, we will reduce emissions intensity by at least 33 per cent of 2005 levels, and 40 per cent of installed power capacity will be from non-fossil fuel sources. We will have 175GW of renewables by 2022, and have imposed levies on coal and rationalised subsidies on petroleum products. Additional forest and tree cover will absorb at least 2.5bn worth of carbon dioxide. We will clean our rivers and create smart cities. We are replacing diesel with clean energy, and building 50 new metro railways.

We are sharing our modest resources with the developing world, helping small island states and African nations with renewable energy. On Monday French President François Hollande and I will launch an international solar alliance with 121 solar-rich countries in the tropics, aiming to bring affordable solar power to villages that are off the grid. We expect the same from the world with respect to responding to climate change. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities should be the bedrock of our collective enterprise. Anything else would be morally wrong.

Justice demands that, with what little carbon we can still safely burn, developing countries are allowed to grow. The lifestyles of a few must not crowd out opportunities for the many still on the first steps of the development ladder.

Some say advanced countries powered their way to prosperity on fossil fuel when humanity was unaware of its impact. Since science has moved on and alternative energy sources are available, they argue that those just beginning their development journey bear no less responsibility than those who have reached the zenith of their progress. New awareness, however, should lead advanced countries to assume more responsibility. Just because technology exists does not mean it is affordable and accessible.

We should meet our need for clean energy and healthy habitats in a spirit of partnership, not put nations on different sides. India will work with governments, laboratories and industry to facilitate a natural transition to a clean energy era through affordable and accessible renewable energy.

The best political and technical measures will be ineffective, and our collective efforts inequitable, unless we review a lifestyle that overburdens our planet. Nature can provide when it is in equilibrium, not when it is depleted faster than it can renew. Our targets must seek to drive restraint in use of fossil fuel and moderation in our lifestyles.

We look forward to Paris with the sense of duty that Mahatma Gandhi called us to assume: “We should act as ‘trustees’ and use natural resources wisely as it is our moral responsibility to ensure that we bequeath to future generations a healthy planet. India will do its part for success in Paris.