美媒《赫芬顿邮报》全文刊登鲁炜在华盛顿演讲

【美赫芬顿邮报刊载鲁炜在第七届中美互联网论坛上的主旨演讲。】

如今，中美网络关系已成为中美新型大国关系的重要内容，很大程度影响着两国的未来。新时期的中美网络关系，总体向好、稳步向前，但前进途中时有坎坷，主要呈现两大特征：

**一是深度融合、利益攸关。**中美两国在网络空间你中有我、我中有你，已经成为密不可分的发展共同体、利益共同体、命运共同体。中国是美国互联网企业的最大境外市场，几乎所有的美国知名互联网企业都在华享有巨额收益，高通公司一半利润来自中国，苹果设备新增用户一半来自中国，美国有近千家投资基金把中国作为重点，触角遍布中国互联网各领域，占外资投入的一半以上，美国企业的兴衰与中国市场紧紧相连。

美国是中国互联网企业境外上市的主要目的地，中国互联网企业在美上市近50家，总市值近5000亿美元，美国股民分享了中国互联网市场发展的红利。最近，阿里巴巴在美上市，创造了全球史上最大规模的IPO，融资总额超过250亿美元，有专家分析认为，美国股民投给阿里巴巴的不仅仅是资金，更是对中国互联网的信心、对中国市场的信心、对中国未来的信心。

**二是存在分歧、时有摩擦。**正是因为中美互联网融合得越来越深，交流得越来越广，联系得越来越紧，我们的不同点才容易被放在放大镜和聚光灯下，加上文化的差异，一些问题自然就出现了分歧。比如，在网络空间治理上，美方讲“多利益相关方”，中方讲“多边”。（观察者网注：赫芬顿邮报对此解读为——“多利益相关方”是指所有网络参与者在平等基础上制定规则，更加“以人为本”；“多边”是指国家代表本国公民，根据民族国家主权制定规则。）

这本来并不矛盾，没有“多边”，哪来“多利益相关方”的那个“方”呢？因为概念的不同而刻意夸大分歧，不仅无益于中美网络关系，也无益于世界互联网的共治和发展。

深度融合，因为充满信心；存在分歧，说明缺乏信任。有信心，却缺信任，这是当前中美网络关系中躲不开、绕不过的问题。

纵观20年中美互联网行业交流发展史，双方尽管存在一些分歧，但是可以得出以下基本判断：我们在网络空间共识大于分歧，合作多于争端。

习近平主席指出，志同道合是伙伴，求同存异也是伙伴。我们可以有分歧，但我们不能没有沟通；我们可以有争论，但我们不能没有信任。我们不能被乱花迷眼，也不能被浮云遮眼，而要端起历史规律的望远镜去细心观望。我们应当看到，中美两国合则两利，而且是多方获益；斗则两伤，甚至是伤害世界。

互联网应给人类带来和平和安全，让互联网不给犯罪和恐怖主义提供渠道，让互联网有助于未成年人健康地成长，让互联网更多服务发展中国家的利益，因为他们更需要互联网，这也正是互联网发展的要义。我们应当看到，互联网把世界变成了地球村。大交流、大发展、大融合是时代的潮流，共享共治是历史的选择。

为了共同的美好未来，我们愿与大家分享五点主张：

一、彼此欣赏而不是互相否定。

互联网诞生于美国，从美国走向世界，这是美国为人类进步做出的重大贡献。中国是全球最大的互联网市场，有400万家网站，6亿多网民，世界互联网企业前10强中国有4家，今年仅电子商务交易额一项预计将达到2万亿美元，而且还将以每年30%的速度增长。

几天前，我在网上看到百度、阿里巴巴、京东等公司的三季度财报，营业收入增幅均超过50%，这样的增幅在全世界都是少有的。如此巨大的成就，充分说明中国的互联网是开放的，说明中国的管理是有序的。

这也说明中国的改革开放是成功的，说明中国人民选择的中国道路是正确的，说明中国共产党的领导是坚强有力的。我们不仅需要为相同而欢呼，更需要因不同而互鉴，各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，欣赏对方的优点，借鉴彼此的经验，而不是去否定对方、改变对方。

二、互相尊重而不是对立指责。

国无大小，都是平等的。在网络空间，应当彼此尊重网络主权，彼此尊重对互联网治理模式的选择，彼此尊重在网络领域的重大关切，彼此尊重在网络文化上的差异，深入沟通，增进理解，扩大共识。20年来，中国互联网发展的实践证明，凡是在中国取得成功的外国企业，无一例外地尊重中国的市场环境，无一例外地遵守中国的法律法规。特别是美国企业在华发展的鲜活案例告诉我们，尊重中国的法律，就能把握机遇，深深融入中国互联网创新发展的洪流，创造出无限的价值；选择了对立，就会偏离轨道，把自己孤立起来，最终被中国市场所抛弃。

三、共享共治而不是独善其身。

习近平主席提出，要建立多边、民主、透明的国际互联网治理体系，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间。这已成为国际网络空间治理的重要共识。

大国之大，不是权力之大，而是责任之大。网络空间也许不会因为大国之间的和睦而和睦，但一定会因为大国之间的不信任，而乱象丛生、混乱不堪。作为负责任的大国，决不能为了自身发展而遏制别国发展，决不能为了自身安全而侵犯别国安全。而且，离开了国际网络空间的安全和发展，任何国家的绝对安全、一枝独秀也都是不存在的。只要我们登高望远，热情拥抱网络空间共享共治的新时代，我们就一定能够把发展的多样性，转化为推动世界互联网发展的无穷活力和强大动力。

四、沟通互信而不是相互猜疑。

中国是全球网民最多的国家，我们更清楚和平安全的网络空间是多么可贵；中国是网络攻击的主要受害国，我们更明白网络安全是多么重要。中国政府一贯反对任何形式的网络攻击。

在网络安全问题上，中美应更多地沟通，更多地互信，共同打击网络犯罪、网络攻击、侵犯隐私等行为，共同保护知识产权，严厉打击网络恐怖主义，让互联网成为阿里巴巴的宝库，而不是潘多拉的魔盒。我坚信，只要我们拿出智慧和勇气，网络安全不仅不会成为中美关系的分歧点，而且会成为中美合作的新亮点。

五、合作共赢而不是零和博弈。

中国互联网发展的20年，是与美国互利共赢、融合共生的20年。中美互联网在市场规模、运营机制、技术水平、人才培养等方面存在差异，但差异不能成为合作的障碍。正是因为我们有广泛的差异性，我们才拥有更强的互补性，我们才拥有合作共赢的无限可能。

当最大的发达国家与最大的发展中国家互信合作，当最现代的西方文明与最悠久的中华文化相互碰撞，当最先进的信息技术与最广阔的网络市场水乳交融，中美互联网领域的合作前景一定比太平洋还要宽广！

（点击下一页查看英语原文）

Cyber Sovereignty Must Rule Global Internet

Lu Wei

China-U.S. relations in the field of the Internet is now an important component of the new model of major power relationship. To a great extent, the Internet will decide the future of both countries. As it is now, the relationship is generally positive and making progress in a steady manner in spite of hurdles. The relationship displays two features:

First, deep fusion and high stakes. China and the U.S. have never been so closely interconnected as they have become in cyberspace. China is the biggest overseas market for U.S. Internet companies. Almost all leading U.S. Internet companies have made great profits in China. For instance, half of the profit of Qualcomm is realized in China; half of the new users of Apple products come from China. Nearly a thousand U.S. investment funds have designated China as their priority, reaching to every corner of the Chinese Internet market, accounting for more than half of their total overseas investment in this field. The success or failure of some U.S. companies is closely related to the Chinese market.

The U.S. is the main overseas IPO destination for Chinese Internet companies, almost 50 of which are listed in the U.S. with a total market value of nearly U.S. $500 billion. U.S. shareholders have benefited from the development of the Internet market in China. Not long ago, the IPO of Alibaba in the U.S., the largest IPO ever in the world, raised over U.S. $25 billion. Experts believe that the investments made by U.S. shareholders in Alibaba demonstrates they have great confidence in the Chinese Internet, the Chinese market and the future of China.

Second, disagreements and frictions still exist. It is because of the deeper integration, more extensive exchanges and closer contacts between the Internet industries of China and U.S. that our differences are easily put under magnifying glasses and spotlights -- not to mention we also have the impact of cultural differences. Disagreements on certain issues thus understandably rise. For example, with regard to the cyberspace governance, the U.S. advocates “multi-stakeholders” while China believes in “multilateral.” [“Multi-stakeholder” refers to all Internet participants on an equal footing making the rules and is considered more “people-centered” while “multilateral” refers to the state making the rules based on the idea of the sovereignty of the nation-state representing its citizens.]

These two alternatives are not intrinsically contradictory. Without “multilateral,” there would be no “multi-stakeholders.” Exaggerating our disagreements due to difference in concepts is neither helpful to the China-U.S. Internet relations nor beneficial to global governance and the development of the Internet.

Our deep integration is because of confidence, but our disagreements are due to lack of trust. Confidence without trust is the unavoidable issue of the current China-U.S. Internet relations.

Looking back at the 20 years’ history of exchanges and development between the Internet industries of China and U.S., despite the disagreements that still exist, we can make the following judgments: our consensus is greater than our disagreements and our cooperation is more important than disputes.

President Xi Jinping has pointed out that those who share the same idea and follow the same path can be partners, and those who seek common ground while reserving differences can also be partners. We can have disagreements but we must not stop communication. We can have arguments but we must not discard trust. We should not be confused or blinded by chaotic situations. Instead, we should look carefully at the issues with a historic perspective. We should see that cooperation between China and the U.S. benefits our two countries as well as other countries, while confrontation can only hurt both sides and even the world at large.

It is the essence of the development of the Internet that the Internet should bring peace and security to humans, should deny access to criminals and terrorists, should help younger generations to grow in health and should also serve the interests of developing countries since they need the Internet more than others. We should realize that the Internet has turned the world into a global village. Big convergence, great development and deep fusion are the trends of this era, and co-sharing and co-governance are the choices of the history.

In this spirit, I therefore put forward five propositions:

1. First, mutual appreciation instead of mutual negating.

The Internet was invented in the U.S. and then spread across the world, which is a great U.S. contribution to human development. China is the world’s largest Internet market with over four million websites, 600 million Internet users and four of the world’s top 10 Internet companies. Trade via e-commerce is expected to reach 200 million U.S. dollars in China this year and will keep growing at 30 percent a year.

Chinese Internet companies Baidu, Alibaba and Jindong all reported more than 50 percent increase in their 2014 third quarter revenue, which is really rare growth in the Internet industry. These achievements are a demonstration of the openness and good governance of China’s Internet industry.

They are also testimony to the success of China’s reform and opening up, of the development path chosen by the Chinese people, and the leadership of the Chinese communist party. We should not only cheer for our common ground, but also learn from each other’s merits and experiences, rather than negating each other.

2. Second, mutual respect instead of confrontation and accusation.

All countries, big or small, should be equal. We should respect each other’s cyber sovereignty, Internet governance, major concerns and cultural differences. We should strengthen communication, increase understanding and broaden consensus. The success of the Internet in China over the past 20 years shows that successful foreign companies in China respect China’ s market environment and abide by China’s law and regulations. U.S. companies operating in China show that those who respect the Chinese law can seize the opportunity of China’ s Internet innovation and create immense value, while those who chose opposition will be isolated by themselves and finally abandoned by the Chinese market.

3. Third, mutual governance instead of self-interest.

President Xi has called for a multilateral, democratic and transparent international Internet governance system that upholds peace, security, openness and cooperation of cyberspace. That is the common consensus of international cyberspace governance.

“No country can achieve absolute security without the overall security of international cyberspace.”

The gauge of a great country is not its power, but its responsibility. Peace between major countries may not result in a peaceful cyberspace, but distrust will definitely bring chaos. A responsible major country should never restrain others for its own development, or infringe on other countries’ security to protect its own security. No country can achieve absolute security without the overall security of international cyberspace. As long as we take a long-term view and prepare for a new era of shared governance, we can translate the diversity of development into the driving force of world Internet development.

4. Fourth, mutual trust instead of mutual suspicion.

As the nation with the most Internet users in the world, China knows all too well the value of a peaceful cyberspace. As the main victim of hacking, China understands too well the importance of security. Our government has always opposed all forms of Internet attack.

On the issue of cybersecurity, China and the U.S. should increase communication, deepen mutual trust, fight cybercrime, terrorism, hacking and invasions of privacy together, and jointly protect intellectual property rights, making the Internet as the treasure trove of Alibaba rather than a Pandora’ s box. With wisdom and courage, cybersecurity will not become a source of conflict in Sino-U.S. relations, but a new bright spot of cooperation.

5. Fifth, win-win instead of zero-sum.

The development of China’s Internet over the past 20 years resulted in mutual benefit, a win-win situation and integration with the United States. Between China and the U.S. Internet industry, there are differences in terms of market volume, operational mechanisms, technology and training. These differences should not be obstacles. It is precisely through these differences that we can complement each other and create all kinds of possibilities for cooperation and mutual benefits.

When the largest developed country and largest developing country cooperate; when modern Western civilization interacts with long-standing Chinese culture; when the most advanced information technology is applied in the largest Internet market -- the scope for cooperation between China and the U.S. will definitely be wider than the Pacific Ocean.