菲德尔·卡斯特罗：中俄将开创人类历史的新高峰
【编者按：普京和习近平日前出席了在巴西举行的金砖国家领导人第六次会晤，先后访问古巴并与菲德尔·卡斯特罗会晤。卡斯特罗在22日出版的古巴共产党机关报《格拉玛报》撰文，高度评价了与中俄两国领导人会面以及金砖峰会取得的成果，并指出中俄应领导世界新秩序。全文如下，观察者网张广凯译自《格拉玛报》网站英文版，原题“It is time to know a little more about realities”。】
能在我们党的机关报头版刊文是一种荣誉，但我已经请求《格拉玛报》的编辑部把我解放出来。因为我想要在文章中表达一些自己的观点，而由于健康和时间的制约，这些观点没法事先向党和国家的领导集体，比如说党代会和全国人民政权代表大会(National Assembly of People’s Power)进行陈述。
众所周知，在我们的时代，问题日益复杂，新闻总是以光速被生产出来。只要你想要并且还能够学习一些新东西，在今天的世界上总是能够做到。
人类是道德和盲目直觉的奇怪混合体。
当地时间7月22日，中国国家主席习近平在哈瓦那看望卡斯特罗
亚里士多德说，我们是政治动物，这是不无道理的。亚里士多德对人类思想的影响，或许比任何一位古代哲学家都要大。据说他共有200多部论著，但其中只有31部流传下来。亚里士多德的老师柏拉图，给后代留下了理想国这一著名的乌托邦概念，而他在叙拉古对这一概念的实践，几乎让他付出了生命的代价。那些关于某个理念“好坏”的研究，后来都是以亚里士多德的《政治学》书题来命名。
反动派常常把马克思和列宁描述成“理论家”，却忽视了他们的乌托邦理念中还萌生了俄罗斯和中国这样的国家，它们被视为能够拯救人类的新世界领导者——如果帝国主义还没有提前用一场罪恶的战争让人类灭绝的话。
前苏联和整个社会主义阵营，包括中国和朝鲜，给我们提供了必须的物资和武器，帮助我们抵御了美国这个有史以来最强大的帝国的封锁。尽管拥有强大的力量，美国人半个世纪以来用尽恐吓、海盗袭击、劫持渔船等种种手段，击沉我们的商船，在巴巴多斯上空击落古巴航空的飞机，烧毁我们的学校，犯下无数的罪行之后，仍然无力消灭一个距离他们海岸只有几英里的小国。当美国人用军舰搭载着雇佣兵，试图在第一时间入侵我们的国家，他们不到72个小时就遭到了失败。此后，美国人组织和装备起来的反革命团伙的破坏行为，又造成了我们数千名同胞的死伤。
当时，美国的佛罗里达州，是针对我们国家的敌对活动的大本营。而随着时间的推移，北约国家和美国的拉丁美洲盟国也加入了经济制裁的行列，后者在那个年代沦为帝国罪行的帮凶，撕裂了玻利瓦尔、何塞·马蒂和成百上千爱国者所献身于的拉丁美洲革命之梦。
我们小小的国家不仅像拉丁美洲和加勒比的许多国家一样，被剥夺了独立主权，遭受着剥削和压迫，“命定扩张论”（观察者网注：Manifest Destiny，19世纪鼓吹美国对外侵略扩张为天命所定的一种理论）还试图把我们的岛屿变成美国领土的一部分。
在刚刚结束的福塔莱萨会议上，金砖国家组织通过了一项重要的宣言。
金砖组织提出加强同世界主要经济体，尤其是G20成员的宏观经济合作，以此来巩固世界经济增长和稳定的前景。
它们签署了组建金砖国家开发银行的协议，致力于调动资源推动基础设施建设项目，促进金砖国家和其他发展中国家的稳定发展。
这个银行将会拥有1000亿美元的授权资金，其中500亿美元的初始注资由创始国平摊。该银行首任理事会主席将由俄罗斯人担任，首任董事会主席是巴西人，首任行长是印度人，总部则设在上海。
他们还签署了建立金砖国家应急储备的协议，初始资金1000亿美元。
他们重申了对开放、透明、包容和非歧视性贸易政策，以及对世贸组织多哈回合谈判的支持。
他们承认国有企业在经济中的重要作用，也承认中小企业是就业和财富的创造者。
他们重申需要对联合国包括安理会进行全面改革，使之更有代表性、合法性及更有效率，以更好地应对全球挑战。
他们重申，谴责一切形式和表现的恐怖主义，无论发生在何地。他们严重关切叙利亚持续存在的恐怖主义和极端主义威胁，同时呼吁叙利亚各方致力于结束基地组织及其从属团体或个人和其他恐怖组织策划的恐怖行为。
他们强烈谴责在任何情况下使用化学武器的行为，欢迎叙利亚决定加入《禁止化学武器公约》。
他们重申致力于在联合国相关决议、马德里原则和《阿拉伯和平倡议》等普遍认可的国际法律框架下实现阿以冲突的全面、公正和持久解决，并支持尽早召开建立中东无核武器和其他大规模杀伤性武器国际会议。
他们重申探索和利用外太空应出于和平目的。
他们重申伊朗核问题只能通过谈判方式解决，支持通过政治和外交途径以对话方式解决问题。
他们对伊拉克局势深表关切，强烈支持伊拉克政府克服危机、维护主权和领土完整的努力。
他们对乌克兰局势深表关切，呼吁开展全面对话，防止冲突升级，呼吁所有相关各方保持克制，以和平方式寻找政治解决方案。
他们谴责一切形式和表现的恐怖主义，指出联合国应根据包括《联合国宪章》在内的国际法，在尊重人权和基本自由的基础上，在协调打击恐怖主义的国际行动方面发挥中心作用。
他们认识到气候变化是人类面临的最大挑战之一，呼吁各国在《联合国气候变化框架公约》有关决定基础上，在2015年前完成有关谈判，根据公约原则和规定，特别是符合共同但有区别的责任及各自能力的原则，形成一份在公约框架下适用于所有缔约方的议定书、其他形式的法律文书或具有法律效力的商定成果。
他们认识到教育对于可持续发展和包容性增长的战略重要性，强调文化和可持续发展之间的联系。
下一届金砖峰会将于2015年7月在俄罗斯召开。
当地时间7月11日，俄罗斯总统普京在访问古巴期间看望卡斯特罗
这看上去不过是西方新闻机构经常报道的众多共识中最新的一个，然而，其意义是明显和重要的：美国在拉丁美洲制造的不平等体系，是这个星球上最为严重的。他们在拉美享受着跨国的财富、廉价的原材料供应、商品倾销市场，这里也成为各国金钱资本的目的地。
没有人能够找到一个办法，来满足今天市场的胃口，尽管没有人能够否认，人类正在朝着一个比过去一切所知时代都更公平的方向发展。
历史上的罪行是令人厌恶的，但今天最重要的是，在不久的将来这个全球化的世界上将会发生什么。
人类如何才能摆脱无知，获得基本的食物、医疗、教育、住房、安全、有尊严的就业和公平的薪水？在这个宇宙的不起眼的小角落里，这些就是最重要的事情。如果说思考这些问题有什么意义的话，那就是实实在在地保证人类的高贵。
就我个人看来，我毫不怀疑习近平主席和普京总统在回到地球的另一面之后，将会带领两个国家开创人类历史的新高峰。
金砖国家在2014年7月15日发表的福塔莱萨声明，呼吁其他国家的更大程度参与，尤其是那些致力于自身发展的国家。他们希望推动各国人民的团结协作，尤其是南美洲人民。金砖国家的声明中用显著的段落提到了这一点，认识到南美国家联盟在促进区域和平和民主、实现可持续发展和消除贫困方面的重要作用。
我已经说的够多了，尽管鉴于这一事件的范围和重要性，还有一些重要的问题需要得到回应。
我想在今后的几天内，对于金砖峰会的重要性将会有更严肃的分析。我只需要再说一句，巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南美的人口加起来，已经占据了全世界的一半。在几十年后，中国的GDP将会超过美国。很多国家都在用人民币交易而拒绝美元——不仅仅是巴西，还包括拉美的其他几个重要国家，它们的大豆和谷物产量足以同美国竞争。在科学技术和经济发展上，俄罗斯和中国能够给南美和加勒比国家做出决定性贡献。
重大的历史事件都不是在一夜间发生的。我们已经可以看到日益增长的复杂性所带来的巨大挑战。中国和委内瑞拉签署了38项协议。现在是时候了解一下现实了。
翻页见英文原文：
I have asked the editors of Granma to relieve me of the honor of publishing what I write on the front page of the official organ of our Party, since I am thinking of expressing personal points of view on issues which, for obvious reasons of health and time, I have not been able to present in the collective leadership bodies of the Party or state, such as Party Congresses or pertinent meetings of the National Assembly of People’s Power.
In our era, problems are increasingly more complex and news is produced at the speed of light, as many know. Nothing happens today in our world, which does not teach something to those of us who wish, and are still able, to understand new realities.
The human being is a strange mixture of blind instinct, on one hand, and conscience, on the other.
We are political animals, as, not without reason, affirmed Aristotle, who perhaps influenced humanity’s thinking more than any other ancient philosopher through his almost 200 treatises, according to reports, of which only 31 have been preserved. His teacher was Plato, who left for posterity his famous utopia about the ideal state, which in Syracuse, where he tried to apply it, almost cost him his life. His Political Theory has endured as a designation used to describe ideas as good or bad. Reactionaries often describe both Marx and Lenin as theorists, without taking into consideration that their utopias inspired Russia and China, the two countries called upon to lead a new world which will allow for human survival, if imperialism does not first unleash a criminal, exterminating war.
The Soviet Union, the socialist camp, the People’s Republic of China and North Korea helped us resist, with essential supplies and weapons, the implacable blockade of the United States, the most powerful empire ever to exist. Despite its immense power, it has not been able to squash the small country which has, a few miles off its coasts, for more than half a century, withstood its threats, pirate attacks, the hijacking of fishing boats and sinking of merchant ships, the in-flight destruction of a Cubana Airlines airplane over Barbados, the burning of schools and other similar misdeeds. When it attempted to invade our country with mercenary forces in the vanguard, transported by U.S. warships as the first wave, it was defeated in less than 72 hours. Later, counterrevolutionary bands organized and equipped by the U.S. committed acts of vandalism which led to loss of life and injury to thousands of compatriots.
The largest base of operations for activities against our country, which existed at that time, was located in the state of Florida. Over the course of time, the economic blockade was extended to other NATO countries and other Latin American allies, who during those first years were accomplices to the empire’s criminal policy which lacerated the dreams of Bolívar, Martí and hundreds of other great patriots of irrepressible revolutionary conduct in Latin America.
Our small country was not only denied our right to be an independent nation, like any other among the many in Latin America and the Caribbean, exploited and sacked by them. On the contrary our homeland’s right to independence would be stripped, and manifest destiny would fulfill its task of annexing our island as part of the United States of America’s territory.
During the recently concluded meeting in Fortaleza, an important declaration was approved by the countries which comprise the BRICS group.
The BRICS propose greater macroeconomic coordination among the principal economies, in particular the G-20, as a factor fundamental to the strengthening of prospects for effective and sustainable recovery around the world.
They announced the signing of an accord to constitute the New Development Bank with the goal of mobilizing resources for infrastructure projects and sustainable development in BRICS countries, and others which are emerging or developing.
The bank will have an initial authorized capital of 100 billion dollars. The initial capital agreed upon will be 50 billion dollars, in equal parts from the founding members. The first president of the Board of Governors will be Russia. The first president of the Administrative Council will be Brazil. The first president of the Bank will be India. The Bank headquarters will be in Shanghai.
They also announced the signing of a treaty to establish a common currency reserves fund for contingencies, with an initial size of 100 billion dollars.
Support was reaffirmed for a multilateral system of open, transparent, inclusive, non-discriminatory trade; as well as for the successful conclusion of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Doha Round.
They recognize the important role which state enterprises play in the economy, as well as small and medium sized companies, as creators of employment and wealth.
They reaffirm the need for comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with the goal of making it more representative, effective and efficient, so that it can respond appropriately to global challenges.
They reiterated condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever it might occur, and expressed their concern about the continuing threat of terrorism and extremism in Syria, while at the same time called upon all Syrian parties to commit to putting an end to terrorist acts perpetrated by Al-Qaeda, their affiliates and other terrorist organizations.
They strongly condemned the use of chemical weapons under any circumstances, and welcomed the decision by the Arab Republic of Syria to adhere to the Convention on Chemical Weapons.
They reaffirmed their commitment to contribute to a just and lasting global solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict, based on the universally recognized legal framework, which includes pertinent United Nations resolutions, the Madrid principles and the Arab Peace Initiative, and expressed support for the convocation, as soon as possible, of a conference to establish a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East.
They reaffirmed their desire that the exploration and utilization of outer space be for peaceful purposes.
They reiterated that there is no alternative to a negotiated solution to the Iranian nuclear question, and reaffirmed their support for its solution via political and diplomatic channels.
They expressed concern for the situation in Iraq, and supported the Iraqi government in its efforts to overcome the crisis, defend its national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
They expressed concern for the situation in Ukraine and issued a call for broad dialogue, abatement of the conflict, and moderation on the part of all parties involved, with the goal of finding a peaceful political solution.
They reiterated their firm condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and pointed out that the United Nations has a central role to play in the coordination of international action against terrorism, which must be conducted in accordance with international law, including the United Nations Charter, and with respect for human rights and fundamental liberties.
They recognized that climate change is one of the greatest challenges confronting humanity, and issued a call to all countries to act on the decisions adopted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), looking to reach, by 2015, a successful conclusion of the negotiations to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed-upon document with legal force under the Convention, applicable to all parties, in accordance with the principles and dispositions of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common responsibility, although differentiated and in accordance with respective capacities.
They affirmed the strategic importance of education for sustainable development and inclusive economic growth, and emphasized the links between culture and sustainable development.
The next BRICS Summit will be held in Russia, in July, 2015.
It might seem that this is but one more agreement among the many constantly appearing in cables released by the major Western news agencies. Nevertheless, the meaning is clear and emphatic: Latin America is the geographic area in the world where the United States has imposed the most unequal system on the planet, enjoying of its internal riches, a supply of cheap raw materials, a market for its merchandise, and has been the recipient of its gold and funds which escape their respective countries and are invested by U.S. companies in the country, or any other place in the world.
No one has ever found a response to satisfy the demands of the existent market we know today, although no one can doubt that humanity is moving toward a stage which will be more just than the human society we have known to date.
The abuses committed throughout history are repugnant. Today what is valued is what will happen on our globalized planet in the near future.
How can human beings escape the ignorance, the lack for basic resources for food, heath, education, housing, dignified employment, security and fair compensation. What is most important, must be this or not possible, in this miniscule corner of the universe. If meditating on this is of any use, it is to guarantee in reality the supremacy of human beings.
On my part, I do not have the slightest doubt that when President Xi Jinping completes the activities in his tour of this hemisphere, as did Vladímir Putin, President of the Russian Federation, both countries will be culminating one of the greatest feats of human history.
The BRICS statement approved July 15, 2014 in Fortaleza advocates for greater participation by other countries, especially those struggling for their development, with a view toward promoting cooperation and solidarity with the peoples, and specifically with those of South America, pointing out in a significant paragraph that the BRICS particularly recognize the importance of the South American Union (Unasur) in the promotion of peace and democracy regionally, in the achievement of sustainable development, and the eradication of poverty.
I have already been extensive enough, despite the fact that the range and importance of the issue demand analysis of important questions which require some response.
I thought that in subsequent days there would have been a little more serious analysis of the importance of the BRICS Summit. It would be enough to add up the inhabitants of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa to understand that, at this time, they amount to half of the world’s population. In a few decades, China’s Gross Domestic Product will surpass that of the United States. Many states are already requesting yuan and not dollars, not only Brazil, but several of the most important in Latin America, whose products like soy and corn compete with those of the United States. The contribution which Russia and China can make to science, technology and the economic development of South America and the Caribbean is decisive.
The great events of history are not forged in a day. Enormous tests and challenges of increasing complexity are on the horizon. Between China and Venezuela, 38 agreements were signed. It is time to know a little more about realities.